The Ledger

Every statement that passed quotation and attribution checks. Mix any filter with any other: certainty 1/5, debate potential 5/5, or both at once.

clear all ✕

why aren't all 82 resolved? a statement only gets an assessment when the public record can support or contradict it. opinions and what-ifs never can, and 0 checkable ones are still open, waiting for their date. predictions held up or didn't; assertions are supported or contradicted. on every card: ▮▮▮▮▮ certainty · ▮▮▮▮▮ debate potential. speakers are clickable

Assertion Contradicted
Cherny: Anthropic Can No Longer Demonstrate Prompt Injection on Opus 5
“So essentially, if you combine a well-aligned model, so this is, like, essentially three years of research into alignment, With a prompt injection classifier, which we run for all traffic, and what this is doing is it's based on Chrysola's mechanistic interpre…”
Boris Cherny Jul 27, 2026 ▶ 2:46 Boris Cherny: We Cut 80% of Claude Code’s Prompt · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Musk in 2016: Human travel to Mars could happen by 2026
“It's a meaningful number of people going to Mars I. I think this is potentially something that can be accomplished in about 10 years maybe sooner , maybe nine years.”
Elon Musk Sep 15, 2016 ▶ 10:14 Elon Musk : How to Build the Future · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Chas Englander: AI models outperform humans at structuring public filing data
“You know, if you look at some of these data providers, they've got humans reading information from say public filings and put it in that structured format. You know, the bulk of the work that we're doing, what we're seeing is models are already more accurate t…”
Chas Englander Jul 31, 2025 ▶ 8:51 The Finance Startup Bringing Agentic AI to Wall Street · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Best: Newsletters will replace social feeds for news within five years
“I think the answer is it won't replace the social network aspect of it. The thing that Facebook and the social networks are great at is having the relationship between you and like the people, you know, in real life... The part of it that should absolutely be …”
Chris Best May 15, 2019 ▶ 35:53 Monetizing Podcasts and Newsletters - Chris Best of Substack and Jonathan Gill of Backtracks · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Allred: Lambda School graduates more than 85% of its starting students
“Now we're graduating, you know, more than 85% of students that start day one, and a lot of the dropout is because of reasons outside of our control.”
Austen Allred Apr 3, 2019 ▶ 15:22 A CS Education That's Free Until You Get a Job - Austen Allred of Lambda School · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Caldwell: Consumer startups make up only about 5% of YC's portfolio
“People think that YC funds consumer companies, and this is what our bread and butter is. And like, Yeah, like, I think it's like five percent consumer.”
Dalton Caldwell Feb 15, 2019 ▶ 16:43 Ryan Hoover on Product Hunt's Acquisition and Lessons Learned About Launches with Dalton Caldwell · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Graham: Robert Morris invented the buffer overflow
“He invented buffer overflow.”
Paul Graham Sep 1, 2018 ▶ 13:13 A Conversation with Paul Graham - Moderated by Geoff Ralston · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Capturing 20% of global freight makes a company bigger than Saudi Aramco
“Our goal is to get to 20 or 40% market share. If you do that, you're the biggest company on planet earth. Like full stop, like bigger than Saudi Aramco.”
Ryan Petersen Aug 30, 2018 ▶ 45:21 Ryan Petersen on Building Flexport, a Modern Freight Forwarder · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Preskill: Validated topological qubit may appear as soon as 2019
“And it's very ambitious, because at this point, it's not even clear they have a single qubit, but if that approach is successful, and we're, it's making progress, so I think we will see a validated Qubit of this type soon, maybe next year.”
John Preskill May 16, 2018 ▶ 28:45 John Preskill on Quantum Computing · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Garg: The biggest crypto winners will likely re-centralize in Silicon Valley
“I think you could have the inspiration for ideas come from underserved markets, but I wouldn't be surprised if the really big winners in crypto actually sort of re-centralize around Silicon Valley.”
Avichal Garg May 2, 2018 ▶ 15:02 Crypto Investors - Linda Xie and Avichal Garg · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Scholl: Douglas Aircraft in 1921 was the last startup to build airliners
“The last company entrepreneur founded that went on to build a commercial airliner was Douglas Aircraft in 1921.”
Blake Scholl Jul 28, 2026 ▶ 26:27 Blake Scholl: Breaking the Supersonic Ban · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Scholl: The FAA approved Boom's XB-1 flight permit in just 90 minutes
“The approvals process for XB-One, that even for an R&D airplane can stretch on for months, actually happened in 90 minutes. From when we said we think we're ready to fly, and FAA said, here's the paperwork, we agree, go. We got the first ever permit for flying…”
Blake Scholl Jul 28, 2026 ▶ 30:20 Blake Scholl: Breaking the Supersonic Ban · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Bryant Chou: Webflow was the first no-code application
“We created this visual interface over HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and it was sort of, you know, the first no-code application that was out there.”
Bryant Chou Jun 19, 2026 ▶ 22:32 The Age Of The 40-Year-Old Solo Founder Is Here · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Tan: Delaware C Corps Require Relentless Pursuit of Profit
“Basically, you know, if you're a Delaware C Corp, you have to relentlessly pursue profit. Otherwise there's grounds to remove you.”
Garry Tan May 22, 2026 ▶ 5:17 How The Best Companies Defend Against Mediocrity And Rot · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Ries: FTX bankruptcy's Anthropic stake exceeds the entire fraud value
“Apparently the stake that the bankruptcy has of those shares is worth more than the whole, than all of the entire fraud by a lot.”
Eric Ries May 22, 2026 ▶ 47:11 How The Best Companies Defend Against Mediocrity And Rot · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Chaubard: 7M parameter TRM scored 87% on ARC Prize 1
“And so it's a twenty-eight million parameter model for HRM. Now she brings it down to a seven million parameter model. It actually gets from 70% to 87% on on ArcPrize one. And does actually quite well on ArcPrize two as well.”
Francois Chaubard May 1, 2026 ▶ 33:25 Recursion Is The Next Scaling Law In AI · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Hodak: Science trial achieved the first coherent form vision restoration
“As far as I know, our clinical trial was the first time ever that form vision had been, like, had created, like, a coherent image in the mind's eye of a person.”
Max Hodak Mar 9, 2026 ▶ 16:21 The Future Of Brain-Computer Interfaces · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Hodak: A major organ perfusion firm makes more from private jet logistics
“Like one of the big companies in the space, it turns out that they're like private jet logistics business is bigger than their medical device business.”
Max Hodak Mar 9, 2026 ▶ 42:48 The Future Of Brain-Computer Interfaces · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Mercury data shows 70 percent of startups choose Claude
“There was some stuff from Mercury that like, 70% of startups are, you know, choosing quad as their model of choice.”
Boris Cherny Feb 17, 2026 ▶ 47:10 Inside Claude Code With Its Creator Boris Cherny · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Musk: Neuralink will do first human vision implants in 6-12 months
“And then I think in the next six to 12 months, we'll be doing our first implants for vision, where even if somebody's completely blind we can write directly to the visual cortex.”
Elon Musk Jun 19, 2025 ▶ 45:03 Elon Musk: Digital Superintelligence, Multiplanetary Life, How to Be Useful · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Pachama's ML model predicts New England forest carbon under 1.5% error
“And we demonstrated, this is the work of, ah, Elias, who is the PhD that works with us, ah, for four years he was working on this and he demonstrated in New England, less than 1.5% error at predicting how much carbon is there in a forest, comparing...”
Diego Saez-Gil Jan 28, 2020 ▶ 26:34 Diego Saez Gil - How Pachama Uses Tech to Solve Climate Change · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Best: Podcast ad rates per download will drop significantly
“I suspect as I kind of hinted before that there's a lot of podcast advertising that's in a little bit of like an emperor's new clothes state where like too much is it's overpriced. And because there's just not metrics there, it's just like waiting for like som…”
Chris Best May 15, 2019 ▶ 40:40 Monetizing Podcasts and Newsletters - Chris Best of Substack and Jonathan Gill of Backtracks · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Allred: Lambda School may launch a nursing school by late 2019
“So you know, we're not working on it right, right now, but don't be surprised if you hear by the end of this year, an announcement that Lambda nursing is going live and we're launching a nursing school”
Austen Allred Apr 3, 2019 ▶ 31:36 A CS Education That's Free Until You Get a Job - Austen Allred of Lambda School · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Akinlade in 2018: Nigeria's population will exceed the US in five years
“Like in the next five years, I think Nigeria is going to be even more than the US.”
Shola Akinlade Oct 16, 2018 ▶ 40:15 Helping African Businesses Get Paid, Shola Akinlade of Paystack · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Schwartz: Paid ad budgets will suffer substantial cuts under GDPR
“The other big advantage is that paid budgets are now going to take a huge hit. Because of GDPR, we've gone to this nightmare scenario where you don't know if your paid budgets are working because you can't track users until users Agree to be tracked.”
Eli Schwartz Sep 27, 2018 ▶ 40:25 SEO Advice from SurveyMonkey Director of SEO and Growth, Eli Schwartz · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Flexport surpassed FedEx to become the 17th largest global freight forwarder
“We are now, we last month we passed FedEx and panel Pina, which are, we're now number 17. Oh, out of about 20,000 freight forwarders in the world in four years.”
Ryan Petersen Aug 30, 2018 ▶ 44:44 Ryan Petersen on Building Flexport, a Modern Freight Forwarder · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Zeevi: Modern daily sugar consumption equals annual sugar intake in 1700
“The annual consumption in 1700 is the daily consumption today.”
David Zeevi Aug 22, 2018 ▶ 3:28 David Zeevi on Personalized Nutrition Based on Your Gut Microbiome · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Watts: Antidepressants blunt and essentially stop psilocybin from working
“Psilocybin is not nearly as effective if you're on antidepressants. It really takes the I mean, it takes the highs and the lows. Yeah, yeah, exactly. Yeah. It stops it from working, essentially.”
Dr. Rosalind Watts Mar 15, 2018 ▶ 20:44 Researching Psilocybin's Effects on Depression - Dr. Rosalind Watts · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Altman: LA produced more billion-dollar startups than New York recently
“In fact, I bet there's more billion plus dollar companies in LA in the last few years than New York, or at least more total market cap.”
Sam Altman Feb 23, 2018 ▶ 46:09 Uncut Interview with Sam Altman on Masters of Scale [Audio] · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Slavin Predicts 98% of Americans Will Own Smartphones by 2019
“And by 2019, that's 98%. 98% of the United States will have smartphones, you know, even Obama phones or smartphones. You won't be able to buy a non-smartphone in 2019.”
Kevin Slavin Dec 6, 2017 ▶ 51:15 There's an Art to Getting Brilliant People to Surprise Themselves - Kevin Slavin of The Shed · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Altman: Every billion-dollar accelerator alumni so far came from Y Combinator
“However, all, every billion plus dollar company so far ever to come out and accelerate, I think there's 11, have been part of YC.”
Sam Altman Aug 30, 2016 ▶ 29:16 Jessica Livingston : How to Build the Future · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Livingston: Press credited Paul Graham for a conference announcement she wrote
“I spent all morning working on announcing this conference, and here's my blog post right here, announcing the female founders conference, and so what turned up later that day in the press? Paul Graham announced his conference for women founders.”
Jessica Livingston Mar 12, 2014 ▶ 18:06 Jessica Livingston at Female Founders Conference 2014 · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Scholl: Boom's XB-1 is the first plane landed solely using augmented reality
“The first human piloted airplane landed solely on augmented reality with no natural view of the runway.”
Blake Scholl Jul 28, 2026 ▶ 11:52 Blake Scholl: Breaking the Supersonic Ban · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Scholl: Amazon's board and internal staff laughed at Jeff Bezos over AWS
“He was laughed at internally and laughed at by his board when he launched Amazon Web Services. He was laughed at by the world for e-commerce.”
Blake Scholl Jul 28, 2026 ▶ 38:47 Blake Scholl: Breaking the Supersonic Ban · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Hu: RT-X proved AI scaling laws apply to physical robotics
“That was a big paper, because it was the first that showed potential scaling laws that applied to robotics, because now you could start training all these models across multiple kinds of hardware, not just one, which has never been done in robotics ever before…”
Diana Hu Apr 16, 2026 ▶ 6:16 The GPT Moment for Robotics Is Here · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Tan: Groq runs transcription 200 times faster than Whisper v1
“You should be using a Grok with a Q. It's literally 200 times faster.”
Garry Tan Feb 21, 2026 ▶ 6:31 The AI Agent Economy Is Here · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Joseph: Original scaling laws paper spanned 11 orders of magnitude
“Like, you know, the scaling, I think the original scaling laws paper had, like, 11 orders of magnitude, and there was, like, this intense debate on whether it would continue for, like, another point.”
Nick Joseph Sep 30, 2025 ▶ 13:25 Anthropic Head of Pretraining on Scaling Laws, Compute, and the Future of AI · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Thompson: Operation Warp Speed reduced the 10-year vaccine development record to 10 months
“I think the record amount of time to go from part one to part Z, Was something like, or A to Z was something like nine, 10 years. We did this in, in 10 months.”
Derek Thompson Apr 4, 2025 ▶ 30:49 How To Build A Truly Abundant Future · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Taggar: The most successful startups in history all had co-founders
“If you look at the most successful startups in history, they all had co-founding teams, and we don't always realize this because once a startup becomes successful, it's common for some founders to leave and one founder, especially the CEO, to become well-known…”
Harj Taggar Sep 27, 2024 ▶ 2:06 How To Find A Co-Founder | Startup School · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
The average YC company dies; getting admitted means you accomplished nothing
“The average YC company dies. Like you literally have accomplished in the scale of making any impact on the world, getting into YC means you've accomplished nothing.”
Michael Seibel Feb 5, 2023 ▶ 16:24 The Cult of Conformity in Silicon Valley · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Caldwell: YC Repeatedly Funded Failed Ride-Sharing Startups Before Uber
“How many times has YC funded that idea before Uber and it didn't work? This was actually a really common bad startup idea was ride sharing.”
Dalton Caldwell Feb 2, 2022 ▶ 7:10 How To Change The World? Get The Small Things Right – Dalton Caldwell and Michael Seibel · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
YC is the world's largest bio and hard-tech seed investor
“YC is actually the largest bio seed investor in the world and the largest hard tech seed investor in the world. This includes accelerators, seed funds, every kind of investor.”
Jared Friedman Sep 20, 2019 ▶ 5:51 Jared Friedman - Advice for Hard-tech and Biotech Founders · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Aatrey: Most Indian unicorn founders graduated from IIT Delhi
“If you see most of Unicorn founders in India are from IT Delhi, you look at Flipkart, Zomato, and a lot more, right?”
Vidit Aatrey May 22, 2019 ▶ 46:55 Vidit Aatrey on Building Meesho, India's Top Reselling Platform, with Adora Cheung · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Gill: Audio recall lasts 36% longer than visual media
“People actually do remember what they hear. Yeah. 36 to 39% longer than what they see and what they read, which is actually a video advertiser, like, hidden piece of research”
Jonathan Gill May 15, 2019 ▶ 35:07 Monetizing Podcasts and Newsletters - Chris Best of Substack and Jonathan Gill of Backtracks · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Migicovsky: Relativity Space's thesis was that 3D-printing eliminates integration testing costs
“Their thesis was it's not actually rocket assembly that costs a lot of money, it's the testing phase of integration, where if you have hundreds of different systems that have to work perfectly with each other, when you assemble and build the final rocket, you …”
Eric Migicovsky Oct 12, 2018 ▶ 34:12 A Conversation on Hard Tech with Eric Migicovsky · Y Combinator
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Ning: Well-capitalized Canadian public companies will drive US cannabis consolidation
“I think part of the whole like consolidation pattern that will Come just because the market's so fragmented right now will be heavily pressurized by Canadian like publicly traded, heavily capitalized companies. Just because they're coming in and they're buying…”
Vincent Ning Oct 11, 2018 ▶ 30:16 Cannabis Startup Founders David Hua and Vincent Ning on Legalization, Banking, and Industry Trends · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Hua: San Francisco requires a 30% social equity workforce for cannabis
“Within San Francisco. You're gonna need to hire 30% of your workforce from social equity people. You also, as a dispensary, may need to have a certain amount or certain percentage of your shelf space of products created and manufactured by people from social e…”
David Hua Oct 11, 2018 ▶ 59:38 Cannabis Startup Founders David Hua and Vincent Ning on Legalization, Banking, and Industry Trends · Y Combinator
Assertion Contradicted
Gootee: PlanGrid built the first mobile blueprint viewer
“Used some off-the-shelf computer graphics knowledge to write the first Blueprint viewer that ever ran on mobile.”
Ralph Goody Oct 10, 2018 ▶ 9:46 Startup Technology - Technical Founder Advice · Y Combinator
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