hydrogen

“You know, 2030, SAFs, definitely. 2040, I would also say SAFs. 20 50, it may shift to hydrogen.”

“Most pipelines We're learning today can probably take up to 20% hydrogen by volume, which is somewhere around seven percent hydrogen by energy content before you need to start at the very least making some changes in all of the ancillary equipment, the pumps a…”

“It's more of a cost problem, because as it stands today, basically, like, both input costs, hydrogen and CO₂, are too high, and then the process costs, turning those things into e-fuels, are too high. So you've got to solve for all three of those things and sc…”

“If you're looking for salt domes to store hydrogen, there's absolutely a bunch of, I don't know what to call it, but there's a bunch of exploration and there's a land grab around. There are only so many of those really big salt domes. Same thing you're startin…”

“Even in a worst-case scenario, like worst-case leakage, 10% hydrogen leakage is crazy. Nobody expects that to happen. Even then, over the course of a hundred years, hydrogen is like an 80% reduction in In greenhouse gases.”

“In the sectors where, first of all, we already use hydrogen, things like ammonia and chemicals production and then potentially in a few other really difficult to abate industrial sectors including to some extent in the power sector, I think hydrogen is going t…”

“I think we're all sort of in agreement that passenger vehicle transportation is Probably not in the offing for hydrogen.”

“And then on the lower end, electrify everything. As much can be electrified, should be electrified. Wherever hydrogen can be used, should be used, and everything else will require SAF to decarbonize, and that's really the only way we get to net zero emissions …”

“So instead of using the hydrogen, combining it with captured carbon to make the synthetic fuels, if you can use the hydrogen directly By all means, use that hydrogen directly. It'll be more energy efficient to do so.”

“Every time I read a, an article, for instance, that's talking about you know, how we're sure we're going to heat homes with hydrogen. I literally, I mean, it's a facepalm moment, right? Because geothermal is just so much easier to do than that, right? And so, …”

“So I think we will, in the end, see some industrial shift out of Europe, just because it'll be, some countries have natural competitive advantage in, in, in access to cheaper renewable resources, and thereby, Making their hydrogen production costs lower. and …”

“You've got a regulatory construct that is still very much in development in Europe, and that is causing some Significant headwinds for anybody who's trying to actually get something built in hydrogen in Europe.”

“I think, at the end of the day, what's going to happen is that ammonia is going to be sold into international markets for, as ammonia.”

“The difference between Even yearly and hourly temporal correlation, the difference in, in the levelized cost of hydrogen and how that impacts the price of hydrogen is not that much. There has been recently, very recently in September, an excellent paper from t…”

“Frankly, most of these projects, I think something like 80% use ammonia as a hydrogen carrier”

“And that's even before you start thinking about, are we going to build solar to make hydrogen? And I suspect that by 2030 we are, just because we've got no idea how else to manage the problems of intermittency and how to decarbonize steel and fertilizer.”

“Making it from clean electricity. It's about two units of electricity for one unit of heat. The production equipment, the electrolyzers are expensive today, and they're coming down in cost. That two to one ratio, though, is not something that's going to change…”

“So if you take an existing blast furnace and put hydrogen into it, you can get about 20% decarbonization. Okay, that's worth doing, but you can't get 50% decarbonization with hydrogen.”

“If you tried to liquefy hydrogen and ship that instead of ammonia, and then regasify it at the other end, that basically adds about three dollars a gallon gasoline equivalent compared to just moving ammonia around.”

“Very large adoption rates for hydrogen in the economy, for example, which I think many of us who work with hydrogen a lot would consider to be a big number, which is unlikely as an outcome”

“It is, however much, much, much, much better From a climate perspective than just burning natural gas, for example. I think one study said something like 75% better in a In a negative case, and if it's truly low emissions, embodied hydrogen plus low leakage ra…”

“The global warming potential, which has been traditionally considered, has been, I think, five. Kilograms of CO₂ equivalent per kilogram of hydrogen leaked, and the recent research indicates that it's, should rather be 10.”

“The safety aspects of leaking hydrogen, because the properties of leaking hydrogen is much more dangerous than leaking, Methane. Partly because it's harder to detect. So, So that's one reason why systems are likely to be tighter.”

“You need roughly, you know, 100,000 fuel cell buses to equate to a single steel mill. And shipping is somewhere in between with roughly 30 ships for, you know, equating to a steel mill”

“Using the hydrogen molecule for reducing iron ore Has twice as much you know, impact on the alternative, compared to the alternative If you benchmark with using it for transportation applications, and I bucket here shipping, aviation, and trucking.”

“Basically what happens is that the hydrogen that leaks has itself a global warming potential, which has been considered, but then also it has an effect of extending the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere basically causing the methane to stick around longer,…”

“For natural gas, it goes from 25 to 80, roughly, from a, when you compare a hundred to 25. And for hydrogen, it goes from 10 to 40, so it increases substantially, but it's still half of the global warming impact, global warming potential of Natural gas per kil…”

“At the end of the day the round trip power to power efficiency for hydrogen, just as a storage medium, is probably gonna be in the range of, like, 20 to, at most, maybe 35%.”

“The Suizo Frontier transported about 75 tons of hydrogen. So just to give you an idea, I mean, the global market for hydrogen right now is ninety-four million tons of hydrogen.”

“China is the largest producer and consumer of hydrogen. The numbers vary a little bit, but roughly around a third of total hydrogen demand is consumed in China.”

“If I were to compare that with oil, so the ratio between oil and natural gas is about 1000. So between hydrogen and oil, we are talking about a factor which is largely over 3000. So if you want to transport the same energy as in one cubic meter of oil, well, y…”

“There have been a lot of deals being signed by a certain number of European countries, Japan, Korea, with potential exporters of hydrogen, but China has been relatively absent of all those deals.”

“Typically right now it's about, you know, 30% of the energy which is in hydrogen will be, you know, used in order to basically liquefy the hydrogen. Typically for natural gas it's between five to 10%.”

“So you have the European Union as a large has said, yes, by 2030, I am saying that I want to import ten million tons of hydrogen.”

“I mean, just to say, I mean, you know, if the transport cost is indeed remaining at three, four dollars per kilogram, I mean, you know, this is kind of game over because that would come on top of the production cost of hydrogen. So that would make hydrogen out…”

“From an economic point of view, many developing countries want to benefit the maximum from hydrogen, and hydrogen is not a rent business. It's not like oil or gas. It's a conversion industry, so you are never going to get as much revenues and benefits as you w…”

“For a fuel, if you want to get anywhere close to economically competitive, you know, subsidies decide, you have to have hydrogen that's going to be on the order of a dollar per kilogram, and you have to have CO₂ that's in that 100 to 200 dollar per ton range, …”

“If you get A better conversion of CO two and hydrogen to methanol on a single pass. It just really doesn't move the overall economics in a huge way because, again, back to a previous point, CO two and hydrogen are the big cost drivers in that system.”

“So we're looking into things like, you know, iron air batteries, and nickel hydrogen batteries, and you know, hydrogen as a consumable fuel, right? But nothing even, like, comes remotely close to being economically viable right now for us, right? And so maybe …”

“We're doing hydrogen and storing hydrogen in the summer and then using that hydrogen to produce clean fuels on a, on an annualized basis and also using that hydrogen for Ammonia production and steel and other things. And so we are trying to do some things to l…”

“The companies that make these furnaces, they all say that, like, basically you can get up to 70% hydrogen with no changes. You can just keep operating your furnace as normal with up to 70% hydrogen”

“If we can save the, like, 25 or 30% of the electricity that we would lose converting to hydrogen in the middle, that would be very valuable.”

“The, this is still, you know, our view is it's still, you're talking about thousands of years. Oil and gas, you're talking about millions of years, and this you might be talking about thousands or tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of years. There are …”

“If we just said, okay, let's just assume you lose two percent methane, you lose two percent hydrogen. That means if I took that methane and I burned that in a power plant, or I took that hydrogen and I burned that in a power plant, and I'm losing the same amou…”

“If you get microbes into a hydrogen filled reservoir, that hydrogen will be gone. And so you have a preservation risk for hydrogen that you definitely wouldn't have for helium, which is, you know, no, nobody can metabolize that at all, but same with oil and ga…”

“And the fact that we can find helium in traps and we find helium underground Tells you that there are sufficient traps and seals in nature that could hold a gas as small and light as hydrogen.”

“I mean, if you look at the economics on almost all these, 75% of the cost of ammonia is hydrogen.”

“There was a well drilled in 1987 in Mali, Africa, that was a water well that struck hydrogen and has been producing high purity hydrogen ever since. For, you know, for decades, and other wells have been drilled around that, and there, there's enough hydrogen p…”

“If it's a ten million dollar system, you've got to pull out five million dollars a year of hydrogen out of that system to be comfortable with the return.”

“And you know that, you know, for a fuel, if you want to get anywhere close to economically competitive, you know, subsidies decide you have to have hydrogen that's going to be on the order of a dollar per kilogram, and you have to have CO two that's in that 10…”

“If you get A better conversion of CO two and hydrogen to methanol on a single pass. It just really doesn't move the overall economics in a huge way because again, back to a previous point, CO two and hydrogen are the big cost drivers in that system.”

“With today's costs of hydrogen, and today's costs of CO₂, or even the next few years costs of both, You know, it's hard to picture producing synthetic methane. Again, we haven't even talked about the capex here, but it's hard to imagine producing synthetic met…”

“In the best case, you need something like half a kilo of hydrogen per kilo of methane. And so if we looked into a, to a wonderful version of the future where we, Get to the kind of magic one dollar per kilogram hydrogen mark that, you know, is, is on the DOE's…”

“If you want to make a synthetic Fuel. If it's going to be a hydrocarbon, you do need a source of carbon, and the source of that CO₂, carbon CO₂, matters from a carbon economic perspective. But from a cost perspective, The thing that matters is number one, the …”

“So, in the in the example I just gave, so if you were saying two cents for energy cost, and we were saying it's 50 kilowatt hours per kilogram of hydrogen input, that's about 20 cents a kilo of ammonia, or 210 dollars per ton. So, almost half your budget, if w…”

“We thought maybe hydrogen would be first because of the supply side supports under the IRA. The demand just didn't materialize, and now all of a sudden, AI has just swept up all of the assets that we developed for, you know, behind the meter And co-located loa…”

“So while they're all spending a lot of money, and their engineers are working very diligently and doing some fantastic development, I have some doubts as to where, whether the market will actually see a significant Increase in purchases of gas turbines that ac…”

“I think you won't see, you know, a booming hydrogen economy as a result of this bill and the extension from end of 25, or I guess the early expiration being not as early as it could have been. It does mean I think some projects are going to move forward. Like,…”

“Hydrogen, anyone making hydrogen is not going to be a price insensitive buyer. They're very price sensitive. They want the cheapest clean power. I don't know. I, I'm not personally super bullish on this making, helping make hydrogen make a turnaround”

“We already have a seventy billion dollar annual market using hydrogen in industry, predominantly in petrochemicals and ammonia production.”