Hydrogen

“It's three times the specific energy of jet fuel. And with fuel cells, we can convert that into propulsion twice as efficiently.”

“We already have a seventy billion dollar annual market using hydrogen in industry, predominantly in petrochemicals and ammonia production.”

“You know, I thought that decarbonized hydrogen had to come from an electrolyzer and cost, you know, six or nine dollars a kilogram. You guys can do this for two to three?”

“Hydrogen, anyone making hydrogen is not going to be a price insensitive buyer. They're very price sensitive. They want the cheapest clean power. I don't know. I, I'm not personally super bullish on this making, helping make hydrogen make a turnaround”

“I think you won't see, you know, a booming hydrogen economy as a result of this bill and the extension from end of 25, or I guess the early expiration being not as early as it could have been. It does mean I think some projects are going to move forward. Like,…”

“So while they're all spending a lot of money, and their engineers are working very diligently and doing some fantastic development, I have some doubts as to where, whether the market will actually see a significant Increase in purchases of gas turbines that ac…”

“Hydrogen is a hundred times higher specific energy than today's batteries is three times higher specific energy than jet fuel.”

“Well, so the interesting thing about the Hindenburg, it was actually the envelope. It was the fabric that covered it, that burned. And the hydrogen is so light that it convex incredibly rapidly. So it's actually not, it didn't actually explode the hydrogen. No…”

“I also don't really care much for hydrogen. It's a molecule. It's an element. It's lovely. I don't see it in and of itself as a solution to any of the problems we have in energy.”

“We thought maybe hydrogen would be first because of the supply side supports under the IRA. The demand just didn't materialize, and now all of a sudden, AI has just swept up all of the assets that we developed for, you know, behind the meter And co-located loa…”

“So, in the in the example I just gave, so if you were saying two cents for energy cost, and we were saying it's 50 kilowatt hours per kilogram of hydrogen input, that's about 20 cents a kilo of ammonia, or 210 dollars per ton. So, almost half your budget, if w…”

“In the best case, you need something like half a kilo of hydrogen per kilo of methane. And so if we looked into a, to a wonderful version of the future where we, Get to the kind of magic one dollar per kilogram hydrogen mark that, you know, is, is on the DOE's…”

“With today's costs of hydrogen, and today's costs of CO₂, or even the next few years costs of both, You know, it's hard to picture producing synthetic methane. Again, we haven't even talked about the capex here, but it's hard to imagine producing synthetic met…”

“If you want to make a synthetic Fuel. If it's going to be a hydrocarbon, you do need a source of carbon, and the source of that CO₂, carbon CO₂, matters from a carbon economic perspective. But from a cost perspective, The thing that matters is number one, the …”

“And you know that, you know, for a fuel, if you want to get anywhere close to economically competitive, you know, subsidies decide you have to have hydrogen that's going to be on the order of a dollar per kilogram, and you have to have CO two that's in that 10…”

“If you get A better conversion of CO two and hydrogen to methanol on a single pass. It just really doesn't move the overall economics in a huge way because again, back to a previous point, CO two and hydrogen are the big cost drivers in that system.”

“And the fact that we can find helium in traps and we find helium underground Tells you that there are sufficient traps and seals in nature that could hold a gas as small and light as hydrogen.”

“If you get microbes into a hydrogen filled reservoir, that hydrogen will be gone. And so you have a preservation risk for hydrogen that you definitely wouldn't have for helium, which is, you know, no, nobody can metabolize that at all, but same with oil and ga…”

“The, this is still, you know, our view is it's still, you're talking about thousands of years. Oil and gas, you're talking about millions of years, and this you might be talking about thousands or tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of years. There are …”

“If we just said, okay, let's just assume you lose two percent methane, you lose two percent hydrogen. That means if I took that methane and I burned that in a power plant, or I took that hydrogen and I burned that in a power plant, and I'm losing the same amou…”

“I mean, if you look at the economics on almost all these, 75% of the cost of ammonia is hydrogen.”

“There was a well drilled in 1987 in Mali, Africa, that was a water well that struck hydrogen and has been producing high purity hydrogen ever since. For, you know, for decades, and other wells have been drilled around that, and there, there's enough hydrogen p…”

“If it's a ten million dollar system, you've got to pull out five million dollars a year of hydrogen out of that system to be comfortable with the return.”

“The companies that make these furnaces, they all say that, like, basically you can get up to 70% hydrogen with no changes. You can just keep operating your furnace as normal with up to 70% hydrogen”

“If we can save the, like, 25 or 30% of the electricity that we would lose converting to hydrogen in the middle, that would be very valuable.”

“We're doing hydrogen and storing hydrogen in the summer and then using that hydrogen to produce clean fuels on a, on an annualized basis and also using that hydrogen for Ammonia production and steel and other things. And so we are trying to do some things to l…”

“So there's some sets of technologies that we consistently overestimated, and those are the technologies that are always just around the corner, but somehow they haven't panned out to the extent that we predicted. And those are things like nuclear fusion or thi…”

“It's a hundred million tons of hydrogen per year. That's, I think about a thousand gigawatts of electrolysis that we'd need just to decarbonize that.”

“I don't think that the Trump administration immediately comes in and reflexively never uses the loan program again. I do think that the projects that they pick to invest in might be different. You might see a heavier investment on nuclear, for example. Hydroge…”

“The very, very long, long duration energy storage, the stuff that we might call seasonal energy storage. I think the more, the activity that we see more more investment around that is actually around hydrogen and that, that economy.”

“About a decade ago, hydrogen was found in an old water well in Mali, and actually that site is being used, they've developed or extracted the hydrogen and are using it locally to generate electricity, and it sort of sparked this phenomenon of wildcatters looki…”

“For certain PSUs in refining, it's 40 rupees per kilogram.”

“So we're looking into things like, you know, iron air batteries, and nickel hydrogen batteries, and you know, hydrogen as a consumable fuel, right? But nothing even, like, comes remotely close to being economically viable right now for us, right? And so maybe …”

“We didn't do any. We decided to go for batteries in electric vehicles, so we invested in Tesla.”

“For a fuel, if you want to get anywhere close to economically competitive, you know, subsidies decide, you have to have hydrogen that's going to be on the order of a dollar per kilogram, and you have to have CO₂ that's in that 100 to 200 dollar per ton range, …”

“If you get A better conversion of CO two and hydrogen to methanol on a single pass. It just really doesn't move the overall economics in a huge way because, again, back to a previous point, CO two and hydrogen are the big cost drivers in that system.”

“There's also clear and consistent evidence that we definitely need Something and hydrogen is the thing at present for high temperature heat, for making cement, making steel, to replace fossil fuels for chemicals and fertilizer, and to provide some kind of carb…”

“The U.S. Currently uses about ten million metric tons of it.”

“You can get very far in terms of emissions abatement just with clean power and electrification of end uses alone. That gets you, like, 80, 90% of the way. Then adding carbon capture and storage also gets you much closer. But the final five, six percent or so o…”

“And in sectors that have no other alternative to using hydrogen, for example, as a fuel and heavy transport like ships and planes for steel production, hydrogen is one of the few options to produce primary steel. So it's absolutely essential that hydrogen gets…”

“Each kilogram of hydrogen production today requires about 50 kilowatt hours of electricity to be supplied to that electrolyzer to produce that electricity.”

“Electrolyzers are also not that efficient, only converting about 70% or so of the electricity that you supply into energy in the form of hydrogen.”

“If I were to compare that with oil, so the ratio between oil and natural gas is about 1000. So between hydrogen and oil, we are talking about a factor which is largely over 3000. So if you want to transport the same energy as in one cubic meter of oil, well, y…”

“So you have the European Union as a large has said, yes, by 2030, I am saying that I want to import ten million tons of hydrogen.”

“China is the largest producer and consumer of hydrogen. The numbers vary a little bit, but roughly around a third of total hydrogen demand is consumed in China.”

“There have been a lot of deals being signed by a certain number of European countries, Japan, Korea, with potential exporters of hydrogen, but China has been relatively absent of all those deals.”

“Typically right now it's about, you know, 30% of the energy which is in hydrogen will be, you know, used in order to basically liquefy the hydrogen. Typically for natural gas it's between five to 10%.”

“The Suizo Frontier transported about 75 tons of hydrogen. So just to give you an idea, I mean, the global market for hydrogen right now is ninety-four million tons of hydrogen.”

“I mean, just to say, I mean, you know, if the transport cost is indeed remaining at three, four dollars per kilogram, I mean, you know, this is kind of game over because that would come on top of the production cost of hydrogen. So that would make hydrogen out…”

“From an economic point of view, many developing countries want to benefit the maximum from hydrogen, and hydrogen is not a rent business. It's not like oil or gas. It's a conversion industry, so you are never going to get as much revenues and benefits as you w…”

“At the end of the day the round trip power to power efficiency for hydrogen, just as a storage medium, is probably gonna be in the range of, like, 20 to, at most, maybe 35%.”

“From a kind of overall system efficiency economics, and kind of pollution standpoint, trying to minimize the amount of hydrogen that you're burning, actually, is probably a good direction to go in.”

“We also see power generation applications, and so using hydrogen as an energy storage medium to be able to run power generation for longer periods of time than lithium ion batteries, right? So multiple days when the wind's not blowing, the sun's not shining we…”

“And becoming cost-effective, and at the same time, there's a social challenge to get people to understand what this element is that we're talking about, and that is okay to use, and that, you know, hydrogen's been used in the Gulf Coast states, pumped for hund…”

“Basically what happens is that the hydrogen that leaks has itself a global warming potential, which has been considered, but then also it has an effect of extending the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere basically causing the methane to stick around longer,…”

“The global warming potential, which has been traditionally considered, has been, I think, five. Kilograms of CO₂ equivalent per kilogram of hydrogen leaked, and the recent research indicates that it's, should rather be 10.”

“For natural gas, it goes from 25 to 80, roughly, from a, when you compare a hundred to 25. And for hydrogen, it goes from 10 to 40, so it increases substantially, but it's still half of the global warming impact, global warming potential of Natural gas per kil…”

“Very large adoption rates for hydrogen in the economy, for example, which I think many of us who work with hydrogen a lot would consider to be a big number, which is unlikely as an outcome”

“The safety aspects of leaking hydrogen, because the properties of leaking hydrogen is much more dangerous than leaking, Methane. Partly because it's harder to detect. So, So that's one reason why systems are likely to be tighter.”

“It is, however much, much, much, much better From a climate perspective than just burning natural gas, for example. I think one study said something like 75% better in a In a negative case, and if it's truly low emissions, embodied hydrogen plus low leakage ra…”