Australia

“One of the things that we've seen go into place in places like Hawaii and Australia, where this is also an issue, is that you'll start to see limitations on how much solar can go in, whether that's limiting new installs or limiting the size of the install. You…”

“We don't have to wait for the far future for desalination. It's already happening today in Israel and In parts of California, and inland Texas, and Israel, and Australia. So places that are water scarce already do some desalination. Even if the electricity is …”

“So there will be a big push towards hydroxide processing probably in Australia, in Chile but also in the U.S. And Canada.”

“Actually liquefied hydrogen is already being transported between Australia and Japan.”

“I think that the biggest winners, though, of the other countries that are involved, Australia and Korea and Chile are the, are by far the biggest winners. They all have free trade agreements with the U.S. And are going to come out looking very good from this.”

“In the case of Australia, they dig up the rock called spodumene, and then they ship it to China to be processed into lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate, and that processing part of the supply chain is actually done outside of a free trade partner country.”

“I think that the biggest winners, though, of the other countries that are involved, Australia and Korea and Chile are the, are by far the biggest winners. They all have free trade agreements with the U.S. And are going to come out looking very good from this.”

“So, 80% of lithium comes from Australia, China, and Chile, where 70% of cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo.”

“60% of manganese comes from South Africa, China, and Australia, and China sources 80% of the world's graphite.”

“In Australia, they have introduced what they call the sponge tariff, and it is basically the off-peak period is now in the afternoon as opposed to at night”

“So if you take Australia, for example, where one in three homes have rooftop solar, I think that's about 20 gigawatts of solar, so a very similar solar install capacity to somewhere like Texas”

“China is, is the world's largest processor for many of these types of lithium. So we were talking about Australia and Chile earlier in the conversation. I mean, much of that lithium is, is shipped to mainland China where it's processed into a form that can be …”

“Chile, as I mentioned, is the world's, one of the world's largest lithium producers and the world's largest brine producer. Australia is the world's largest lithium producer because of its large spodumine or hard rock mines.”

“China, despite processing the world's, majority of the world's lithium into lithium carbonate, doesn't actually have lithium reserves within its borders. I mean, that mostly is in Australia and the Northern Tri- the Northern Triangle in South America.”

“Yeah, you were, congratulations at costing thrice what it costs in Australia or Germany, neither of which are particularly low-cost markets for anything.”

“Over the course of the past, what is it, five months, or July through November, 25, Australia was installing 40,000 residential storage systems per month.”