The Ledger

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why aren't all 198 resolved? a statement only gets an assessment when the public record can support or contradict it. opinions and what-ifs never can, and 6 checkable ones are still open, waiting for their date. predictions held up or didn't; assertions are supported or contradicted. on every card: ▮▮▮▮▮ certainty · ▮▮▮▮▮ debate potential. speakers are clickable

Opinion
Samani: Bitcoin is nonsense and not an inflation hedge
“No. Bitcoin is nonsense. It does not, there are so many ways to, you can choose to have a productive asset or a nonproductive asset. And then there are many assets that are naturally good hedges against inflation. The obvious of which is like Walmart and Amazo…”
Kyle Samani Jul 22, 2022 ▶ 47:35 Kyle Samani: Why Bitcoin is Not a Hedge Against Inflation | 20VC #909 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Contradicted
Hommels: Europe cannot independently launch satellites after Ariane sold capacity
“Yeah, currently we either we get a slot in a SpaceX, yeah, with all the with all the restrictions that there are, or we have Ariane, but Ariane base lastly sold a hundred percent of the defense transport capacity to Amazon. So basically, as Europeans, we are, …”
Klaus Hommels Nov 27, 2024 ▶ 31:13 Klaus Hommels: Why "Portfolios are Merely a Construct to Make LPs Happy"? | E1231 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Open · timeframe Sep 2031
Amazon and Alibaba will lose top e-commerce positions within 10 years
“I think in 10 years from now, Amazon and Alibaba will not be the biggest e-commerce companies anymore. They will get disrupted by other companies, younger companies, more creative, more agile companies, and I think people will look back at Amazon and Alibaba l…”
Ralf Wenzel Sep 27, 2021 ▶ 34:21 20VC: The Rise of Quick Commerce and Why CPGs ARe Misaligned Being Powered By Ad Spend, The 5 Core Components Consumers Care About When Ordering Today & Why Amazon and Alibaba Will Not Be The Big Players in 10 Years with Ralf Wenzel, Founder & CEO @ JOKR
Opinion
O'Driscoll: FTC's block of the Amazon-Roomba deal was absurd and destructive
“And the FTC led by Lena Kahn chose to block that deal because I think Benedict Evans said in his place because of an insipid monopoly in the house vacuum cleaner marketplace, very tongue in cheek, right? It was an absurd decision at the time. It only got more …”
Rory O'Driscoll Oct 30, 2025 ▶ 1:09:38 OpenAI Restructuring: Who Wins and Who Loses & Mercor Raises $350M at a $10BN Valuation · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
Mensch: Cloud investments in AI startups resemble round-tripping
“It looks like around flipping. Yes. I don't know about that deal particularly, but it makes sense from both perspectives.”
Arthur Mensch Apr 29, 2024 ▶ 24:23 Arthur Mensch: Open vs Closed - Who Wins and Mistral's Position | E1146 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Insight
Rosenberg: Never hire early sales leaders with big tech pedigree
“Harry, don't hire anybody from Google. Okay. Don't hire anybody that says on their LinkedIn, ex Google, ex Amazon, ex Facebook. Okay. When they put that on their LinkedIn, they're associating themselves with the success of the business. And it is almost imposs…”
Matt Rosenberg Oct 4, 2023 ▶ 14:10 Matt Rosenberg: Why You Should Not Hire Sales Leaders From Big Companies | E1068 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
TJ Parker: Amazon's 'earned trust' culture assumes the worst of people
“In hindsight, that is, like, literally the opposite culture, right? It's like, It's kind of assumed the worst until you're proven otherwise.”
TJ Parker Jun 5, 2023 ▶ 21:15 TJ Parker: Building PillPack, The First E-Commerce Pharmacy, to Amazon's $1B Acquisition | E1022 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Open · timeframe Mar 2028
Coates: Shopify competes directly with Amazon today
“Well, I mean, Shafak meets with Amazon today. Oh, absolutely. Hundred percent. Hundred percent.”
Glen Coates Mar 8, 2023 ▶ 45:04 Glen Coates: Why Shopify Will Dominate Amazon; How Microsoft Made Smartest Move of 2023 | E986 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Contradicted
Jordan: Amazon was the only profitable e-commerce business due to low defensibility
“Early on, I was a big proponent of that e-commerce was going to clean the clock of the department stores. I got the thesis half right. Share did shift. No one could make money other than Amazon because of there's just no defensibility, no barriers to entry.”
Jeff Jordan Jan 16, 2023 ▶ 15:52 a16z GP Jeff Jordan: The Ultimate Guide to Two-Sided Marketplaces | 20VC #966 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Contradicted
Amazon and Walmart lose trillions annually in inventory waste
“If you look into the inventory losses and the wastage costs of the likes of Walmart, or even an Amazon, or like normal supermarket chain, it's in the trillions of how much they're losing on a yearly basis of like food and other items that are actually being so…”
Ralf Wenzel Sep 27, 2021 ▶ 10:58 20VC: The Rise of Quick Commerce and Why CPGs ARe Misaligned Being Powered By Ad Spend, The 5 Core Components Consumers Care About When Ordering Today & Why Amazon and Alibaba Will Not Be The Big Players in 10 Years with Ralf Wenzel, Founder & CEO @ JOKR
Opinion
Davis: Amazon is destroying the traditional brand ecosystem
“I think Amazon is destroying the brand ecosystem. And that's the opportunity that we see at Glossier is to take digital and redefine it away from what Amazon is trying to make e-commerce.”
Henry Davis Jan 12, 2018 ▶ 17:17 20VC: Why Risk Is Misunderstood In Entrepreneurship, Why Acquisitions Are Cheap For Incumbents Today & 3 Strategies To Improve Diversity In Your Team with Henry Davis, President & COO @ Glossier
Assertion Supported
Allbirds Co-Founder: Amazon Profits Off Knockoffs Targeting Allbirds Search Terms
“If you look at how Amazon does, even when you're not selling on their channel, enough people have typed in all birds on amazon.com such that there is a lot of knockoffs and other, perhaps you would call it similar looking products. That are now sold through Am…”
Joey Zwillinger Aug 18, 2017 ▶ 13:01 20VC: What Larry Paige, Mary Meeker and Ben Horowitz All Have In Common, Why You Have To Build A Movement Not A Brand & Why This Really Is A Great Time To Be An Entrepreneur with Joey Zwillinger, Co-Founder @ Allbirds
Opinion
Amazon creates more consumer commerce opportunity than it destroys
“Amazon does more to make the market opportunity that we're investing in than it does to crush it.”
Kirsten Green Jul 17, 2017 ▶ 23:16 20VC: VC of The Year: Forerunner's Kirsten Green on 2 $Bn+ Exits in 1 Year, Why We Are In The Very Early Innings For Commerce & How Brand Has Fundamentally Changed Over The Last Decade
Opinion
Teten: Sell Amazon Stock Due to Weak Retail Pricing Power
“I would probably sell On the grounds that, ah, it's not clear to me if when they eventually turn on the monetization spigot, ah, it will be impossible for other people to compete with them. In other words, the whole theory of Amazon, not unlike a lot of early-…”
David Teten Dec 9, 2015 ▶ 21:00 20 VC 095: How VCs Find Startups and How To Add Value Once Invested with David Teten @ ff Venture Capital
Assertion Not checkable as stated
O'Driscoll: Anthropic and OpenAI exist only due to hyperscaler funding
“The only people capable of financing a state-of-the-art frontier model in the United States of America has been the hyperscalers themselves. The only reason Entropic and OpenAI exist is because Microsoft, Google, and Amazon gave them enough money to play becau…”
Rory O'Driscoll Aug 27, 2026 ▶ 10:06 Anthropic's $30T Assumption & OpenAI Confirms IPO | Why Customer Service & Robotics are Overinflated
Assertion Not checkable as stated
O'Driscoll: OpenAI and Anthropic drive 70% of Google and AWS compute backlogs
“In other words, because they're 70% of the Google Compute backlog, the 70% of the Amazon backlog.”
Rory O'Driscoll Aug 5, 2026 ▶ 46:44 Leo Aschenbrenner's Situational Awareness Blows Up | Moonshot AI Raises $3.5B at $35B
Insight
Midha: Sovereign data needs open cloud market to startups after 15 years
“Because the context, the mission-critical context of those workloads is so important to be run locally that you can't run them on Amazon, AWS, GCP, or Azure, and it's the first time In 15 years that the sort of hyperscaler dominance is up for grabs for startup…”
Anjney Midha Apr 14, 2026 ▶ 12:40 The Early Days of Anthropic & How 21 of 22 VCs Rejected It | The Four Bottlenecks in AI | Anj Midha · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Open · timeframe Dec 2026
Lemkin: Custom chip competition will not threaten Nvidia's dominance in 2026
“You're a fool to invest against Nvidia for 2026. And I think you are arguably a fool to invest into Amazon in 20, 26 for a simple reason. Just a simple, I didn't say 20, 27 or 20, 28. It is not enough time for all this competition to come online. It is not eno…”
Jason Lemkin Dec 22, 2025 ▶ 57:00 Predictions for 2026: Top Buy & Biggest Short | Why Salesforce Could Win & NVIDIA’s Challenges · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
Lemkin: Google is underappreciated while Amazon is overappreciated
“I do think that for the moment, Google is underappreciated and Amazon is overappreciated.”
Jason Lemkin Nov 6, 2025 ▶ 48:13 Is a $4.5BN Exit Enough in VC? & Harvey Raises $150M & Why Google is a Buy and Amazon is a Sell · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
Lemkin: Amazon needs to bring Jeff Bezos back as CEO
“They gotta bring Bezos back.”
Jason Lemkin Oct 30, 2025 ▶ 1:17:26 OpenAI Restructuring: Who Wins and Who Loses & Mercor Raises $350M at a $10BN Valuation · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
Ross: Amazon lacks AI DNA compared to Google, Meta, and Microsoft
“Amazon, I think doesn't have AI DNA. And they, like, if you compare them, so you didn't mention Meta, right? But Meta and Google always had the AI DNA, and Microsoft bought it with OpenAI, but that bought them time. Amazon still doesn't have that DNA, but they…”
Jonathan Ross Sep 29, 2025 ▶ 1:29:14 Groq Founder, Jonathan Ross: OpenAI & Anthropic Will Build Their Own Chips & Will NVIDIA Hit $10TRN · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
O'Driscoll: OpenAI and Anthropic No Longer Need Microsoft or Amazon
“In both these cases, the small company won. They got the money, they got the critical mass, they got the credibility, and now they've pulled away. And neither on top of now open AI needs Microsoft or Amazon at this point. They don't need them for money. They d…”
Rory O’Driscoll Sep 18, 2025 ▶ 49:41 Opendoor CEO, Kaz Nejatian: OpenAI and Oracle, How Can Either Afford to Do This · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Partly supported
Morin details profit margins across TSMC, Nvidia, and cloud providers
“Nvidia, like a TSMC sells you at 60% margin. Nvidia sells you at, you know, 90% margin. And on top of that, there's Amazon that takes, let's say a 30% margin.”
Steeve Morin Feb 24, 2025 ▶ 15:30 Steeve Morin: Why Google Will Win the AI Arms Race & OpenAI Will Not | E1262 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Insight
Morin: Cloud compute hoarding creates fake AI GPU scarcity
“So in, in the case of, you know, Amazon or Google, that would be buying reserved compute, which you're not going to use because if you buy it on demand, you will get tremendously ripped off. So that creates this like face scarcity of compute because that peopl…”
Steeve Morin Feb 24, 2025 ▶ 22:35 Steeve Morin: Why Google Will Win the AI Arms Race & OpenAI Will Not | E1262 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Not checkable as stated
Carvana aims to become the 'Amazon for cars' by distributing third-party vehicles
“I think that we should be selling other people's cars and we want to be Amazon for cars. We want to be able to distribute the cars that consumers want.”
Dan Gill Jan 8, 2025 ▶ 46:59 Dan Gill, CPO @Carvana: The Most Wild Story in Public Markets | E1243 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Held up
Kant: Poolside, OpenAI, and Anthropic will rival Big Tech in AI
“What I would like to see and what I think is going to happen is that it's not just Google, Amazon, and Microsoft. It's going to be, you know, an open eye, an anthropic, a poolside, and a set of companies who are able to get that massive escape velocity needed …”
Eiso Kant Oct 7, 2024 ▶ 53:29 Eiso Kant, CTO @Poolside: Raising $600M To Compete in the Race for AGI | E1211 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Kant: Google relies on Broadcom for TPUs while Amazon works with fabs
“Because while Google has to work with Broadcom to be able to bring TPUs into the world, Amazon is working with the fabs directly.”
Eiso Kant Oct 7, 2024 ▶ 20:13 Eiso Kant, CTO @Poolside: Raising $600M To Compete in the Race for AGI | E1211 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Open · timeframe Nov 2028
Traynor: Amazon could outright acquire Anthropic to integrate into AWS EC2
“I'd be wary of Amazon. So like I could see Amazon just like Flat up like buying Anthropic and being like, let's just make this part of the EC two cluster.”
Des Traynor Nov 24, 2023 ▶ 29:41 The Ultimate AI Roundtable: What Happens Now in AI, Why Google are Vulnerable | E1085 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
Lessin: The most obvious AI bets are Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft
“It's like, you want to bet on AI? Bet on Facebook. Bet on Amazon. Bet on Microsoft. It's so obvious.”
Sam Lessin Aug 11, 2023 ▶ 0:05 DEBATE: State of Seed Investing w/ Jason Lemkin, Sam Lessin, Frank Rotman & Harry Stebbings | E1047 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
Clark: Amazon culture evaluates people solely on yesterday's performance
“Amazon's a fairly intense place, you know, and it's a you know, Amazon, I think you kind of, you know, it's very, you know, you're as good as what you did yesterday kind of thing. There's not a lot of longitudinal, you know, stickiness in that way.”
Dave Clark Jul 17, 2023 ▶ 23:49 Dave Clark: Lessons from Leading 1M Employees w/ Jeff Bezos at Amazon to CEO of Flexport | E1036 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Disclosure
Parker: PillPack Sold to Amazon After Demanding a $1B Price Floor
“By the time I got to doing the deal with Amazon, like ultimately it was a phone call that was like, if you hit a billion, we're done. And they hit a billion and we were done”
TJ Parker Jun 5, 2023 ▶ 1:04:40 TJ Parker: Building PillPack, The First E-Commerce Pharmacy, to Amazon's $1B Acquisition | E1022 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Held up
Ian Lee: NFT-Powered Spotify and YouTube Alternatives Will Emerge by 2024
“So good example of this is that I think that like NFT powered commerce in Web three, NFT powered digital media and various kind of social media platforms. That I knew or believed were gonna happen in 10 years or so, I think are now possible in the next two to …”
Ian Lee Jun 8, 2022 ▶ 52:29 Ian Lee: Why DAOs Will Replace Venture Capital; Biggest Threat to Web3 | 20VC #893 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Opinion
Liaw: Regulatory fear has chilled M&A for Meta, Google, Amazon, and Apple
“I think that probably the bigger challenge is for a lot of the biggest mega cap tech companies, fear of regulation and regulatory authority intervention is probably causing a lot of them to say, this is probably not worth our time, right? So it's kind of a fun…”
Eric Liaw Apr 8, 2022 ▶ 11:53 20VC: What Happens To Growth Rounds in this New Environment? Where is the Funding Crunch? How Does This Impact M&A and Going Public? How do Crossover Funds Respond? What Does it Mean For Early Stage and more with Eric Liaw, General Partner @ IVP
Insight
Tech companies have become long-duration assets like bonds, argues Eisenberg
“But the second thing is technology has become a long duration asset, which it never was before. So you used to think of bonds as long duration assets or Refrigerators is long duration assets. Houses. But now people look at Amazon and go, whoa, 30 years plus so…”
Michael Eisenberg Feb 8, 2021 ▶ 15:06 20VC: Aleph's Michael Eisenberg on Why Generalists Over Specialists, Why Boutique Smaller Firms Over Multi-Stage Firms, Portfolio Construction Theory, Capital Concentration Limits and How To Think Through Reserve Allocations with Market Cycles in Mind?
Opinion
Silverman: Etsy is best positioned to be the alternative to Amazon
“I can't think of any company better positioned to be the alternative to Amazon than Etsy.”
Josh Silverman Jan 18, 2021 ▶ 10:51 20VC: Etsy CEO, Josh Silverman on 2 Defining Traits of Great Leadership, The Danger of Attaching Happiness To Milestones, How To Structure Teams To Optimise for Experimentation and Agility &Whether You Learn More From Success Than Failure
Prediction Not checkable as stated
Gurley: Markets favoring growth over profits create massive company wrecks
“When the world is rewarding, aggressive growth, don't care about profitability, you're going to have a mix of end results. You're going to have some of the snowflakes in Amazons, and you're going to end up with a lot of wrecks on the, you know, massive wrecks.”
Bill Gurley Jan 4, 2021 ▶ 9:15 20VC: Bill Gurley and Howard Marks: What Happened In 2020? What Can We Expect Looking Forward to 2021?
Assertion Not checkable as stated
Independent merchants reject Amazon checkout tools due to business model conflicts
“We know that Amazon is so conflicted with merchants that merchants don't want to be incorporating Amazon into their own environments.”
Dom Holland Nov 15, 2019 ▶ 13:46 20VC: Why Speed Is The Biggest Differentiator a Founder Can Have, How To Hire Seasoned Tier 1 Talent To An Early Stage Startup & How To Start, Scale and Manage Remote Teams with Domm Holland, Founder & CEO @ Fast
Assertion Not checkable as stated
The top 200 digitally native brands are growing faster than Amazon
“Actually, if you look at kind of the top 200 digitally native brands, they're actually growing faster than Amazon, independently of Amazon, and many of them don't sell their products on Amazon.”
Brendan Wallace May 6, 2019 ▶ 32:48 20VC: Why Consumer Brands Must Embrace Physical Retail To Avoid Inflated Online CACs, How To Alter Fund Strategy When Investing In Consumer Retail & Why The Era of The 1,000 Store Brand Is Over with Brendan Wallace, Founder and Managing Partner @ Fifth Wa
Assertion Supported
Liew: Largest e-commerce outcomes are multi-brand retailers competing with Amazon
“The biggest outcomes in the space had been in companies that were multi-brand retailers, and in some sense competing with Amazon and doing so successfully.”
Jeremy Liew Apr 22, 2019 ▶ 32:09 20VC: Lightspeed's Jeremy Liew on Why It Is More Important To Be Right Than Contrarian, The Most Common Mistakes Made By Hyper-Growth Companies & 3 Characteristics That Make An Individual Incredible At Sourcing
Assertion Not checkable as stated
Traditional banks lack capability to underwrite individual DTC transactions
“With marketplaces like Amazon, social platforms like Instagram, and e-com platforms like Shopify, the buyer is now individuals, not stores. And factors and banks don't know how to underwrite that scenario, and we do.”
Adam Pritzker Mar 15, 2019 ▶ 9:21 20VC: Why The Current VC Financing Mechanism For Consumer Brands Is Broken, Why The Infrastructure To Power Emerging Brands Is Broken and What The Re-Platforming of Retail Means For The Next Decade in Consumer with Adam Pritzker, Chairman & CEO @ Assemble
Prediction Not checkable as stated
Midha: Late-entrant platforms will disrupt and displace incumbent VC firms
“I think that venture capital is going to go the way of past financiers of creative mediums where usually you have, you know, the early folks end up being pretty comfy execs because they took a risk on the industry and on early creatives when there weren't too …”
Anjney Midha Feb 8, 2019 ▶ 8:58 20VC: What Makes The Best Venture Firms Today So Special, The 3 Structural Impediments That Face Venture Today and Why The Debate on AR vs VR is BS with Anjney Midha, Founder & CEO @ Ubiquity6
Insight
Lean startup methodology fails when trying to compete against Amazon
“There's no lean startup methodology that's going to get you into competing with something like Amazon”
Ted Wang Dec 17, 2018 ▶ 9:55 20VC: A Framework For Approaching Risk and How It Affects Portfolio Construction | Lessons and Advice From Working with Dropbox's Drew Houston | Why Being A Learning Animal Is The Most Important Factor For Success with Ted Wang, Partner @ Cowboy Ventures
Prediction Held up
Kaden: USV will not invest in startups competing directly with Amazon
“So the short answer is I don't want to invest In companies that think they're going to take down Amazon right now, because I believe it's extremely difficult, particularly at the stage we're going at.”
Rebecca Kaden Oct 1, 2018 ▶ 13:42 20VC: USV's Rebecca Kaden on Whether Venture Returns Can Be Made At Scale In Consumer Today & How To Navigate Consumer Investing In A World of Amazon
Insight
Emotional brand connection is the best weapon to beat Amazon
“I think there's the best way to beat Amazon is with heart. I think Amazon doesn't create the emotional connection with a brand that, say, a Chewy's did, or a Zappos did.”
Jason Stoffer Jul 23, 2018 ▶ 25:35 20VC: The Metrics That Matter In Early-Stage Consumer, Why Moats Matter More Than Brand Today and How VCs Deal with S*** Hit The Fan Moments with Jason Stoffer, Managing Partner @ Maveron
Assertion Supported
Loftus: Big Tech Buyer Softening Has Kept Startup Acquisition Prices Moderate
“So I haven't seen a ton of price increase, but I do think that's because in my view, even though you've seen new entrants into the market, There's been softening at the other end of the market from the Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon end.”
James Loftus Mar 26, 2018 ▶ 10:10 20VC: How Great VCs Handle Themselves In An M&A Process, Why M&A Has Become The Primary Method of Exit & How The Best M&A Teams Operationalise Their Process with James Loftus, Corporate Development Lead @ Square
Insight
Naficy advises investing in consumer brands over online retailers
“And so if you're a brand, I would invest in a brand now. I'm not sure I would invest in any type of online retailer, but I would invest in brands because I think there's a cooperative relationship that can be formed with Amazon.”
Mariam Naficy Mar 2, 2018 ▶ 15:19 20VC: The Right Way For Founders To Think About Capital Efficiency, How To Create A Culture of Continuous Learning & The Secret To Talent Assessment and Optimisation with Mariam Naficy, Founder & CEO @ Minted
Insight
Davis: Traditional brands rely on shelf hegemony, not true brand loyalty
“I think what a lot of brands are about to find out with the advent of Amazon is that they don't have as much brand loyalty as they think they do. They have product loyalty and shelf hegemony.”
Henry Davis Jan 12, 2018 ▶ 16:31 20VC: Why Risk Is Misunderstood In Entrepreneurship, Why Acquisitions Are Cheap For Incumbents Today & 3 Strategies To Improve Diversity In Your Team with Henry Davis, President & COO @ Glossier
Opinion
Thau: Amazon accelerates sales but does not build brands
“I don't know that I believe that Amazon does a great job of helping build brands. Like, I don't see brands getting built on top of Amazon. I think it's a great accelerator.”
Kevin Thau Jan 3, 2018 ▶ 19:09 20VC: Why VC Is A Game of Maximising Serendipity, How VCs Can Characterise Their Approach To Working & Product Lessons from Jack Dorsey & Sonos' John MacFarlane with Kevin Thau, General Partner @ Spark Capital
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