ammonia

“Ammonia is the chemical, the single chemical product that we make in the largest quantity. We make almost two hundred million tons a year of ammonia globally, and it's responsible for like one and a half percent of all greenhouse gas emissions, just ammonia.”

“There are only three hundred-some Haber-Bosch plants in the world. So all of the ammonia that we produce basically today comes from like three hundred-some facilities.”

“In the sectors where, first of all, we already use hydrogen, things like ammonia and chemicals production and then potentially in a few other really difficult to abate industrial sectors including to some extent in the power sector, I think hydrogen is going t…”

“I think, at the end of the day, what's going to happen is that ammonia is going to be sold into international markets for, as ammonia.”

“Frankly, most of these projects, I think something like 80% use ammonia as a hydrogen carrier”

“Today we make about a hundred and eighty million tons a year of ammonia worldwide. And the total ammonia market is sixty billion dollars, which is shockingly small, actually.”

“As we looked into this in our report, one of the things we discovered is that if ammonia gets in the air and atmosphere, we do not know today whether it makes greenhouse gas warming bigger or smaller. A lot of evidence suggests it improves greenhouse gas warmi…”

“If you tried to liquefy hydrogen and ship that instead of ammonia, and then regasify it at the other end, that basically adds about three dollars a gallon gasoline equivalent compared to just moving ammonia around.”

“Ammonia production alone is close to two percent of global emissions, and then its application creates actually an even larger amount of emissions in the form of nitrous oxide, which I keep teasing as a future topic, but is important.”

“I do think it's going to be unusual to It's going to be big in those economies, but not the rest of the world. India is not going to do this. The US is not going to do this. South Africa is not going to do this. They have other options. And so ammonia is a pow…”

“But in twenty-fifty, I think we're going to end up with a blend of both, in part because we're starting already with methanol. People are making investments in methanol ships and methanol bunkering because they want to decarbonize rapidly by twenty-thirty. And…”

“Japan is going to be putting ammonia into its steel mills”

“I think right now it's a battle between LOHC and ammonia in terms of costs for the kind of next 10 years.”

“When you are looking at, you know, the Japanese hydrogen strategy, they do envisage to use that combined with coal. So right now they are looking at coal firing with 20% of ammonia, and this is why it could be potentially a bigger market for ammonia.”

“With, you know, ammonia, we did a deep dive on what those distribution costs could be, and, you know, you, depending on where you are in, in the U.S., or, and I'll stay U.S. Centered, but this is even more so outside the U.S., Those distribution and transport …”

“In order to reach that number, the Global Maritime Forum has done some calculations and showed that we need, the sector needs to adopt 10% green fuels by then. 10% green fuels, we already said, you know, that shipping bunkers, three hundred million tons, 10% o…”

“The projection is we need, we will see about six to seven hundred million tons of ammonia by 20 50. Today, it's only about two hundred million tons that's being produced, right?”

“The volumetric energy density is significantly lower than heavy fuel oil, and so you would need approximately two and a half times, whether we're talking about ammonia or methanol compared to heavy fuel oil to go the same distance.”

“In the long term, if you look at the projections and the numbers, I think if costs were the driver, then the cost of ammonia is going to be cheaper than the cost of e-methanol.”

“I mean, if you look at the economics on almost all these, 75% of the cost of ammonia is hydrogen.”

“If you want to produce liquid hydrogen, you got to be producing 10,000 tons per year, give or take. If you want to be, you know, producing ammonia, you know, you're probably in the neighborhood of like, 50,000 tons per year is a good amount of hydrogen. So I w…”

“Ammonia, you know, we did a deep dive on what those distribution costs could be, and, you know, you, depending on where you are in, in the U.S., or, and I'll stay U.S. Centered, but this is even more so outside the U.S., Those distribution and transport costs …”

“You know, again, that five to 600 dollars a ton selling price, about maybe 20, 25% of that is transportation. So there is some budget, even within the U.S., for these decentralized approaches.”

“You can get them at many, many different scales from small to world scale, and you see some big Economies of scale effects there, so hard to scale down.”

“The long-term average selling price of ammonia in the US between five to 600 dollars a ton”

“The steam methane reforming and the hydrogen production is responsible for around like 80% of the GHG emissions that come from ammonia because of this process.”

“So, in the in the example I just gave, so if you were saying two cents for energy cost, and we were saying it's 50 kilowatt hours per kilogram of hydrogen input, that's about 20 cents a kilo of ammonia, or 210 dollars per ton. So, almost half your budget, if w…”

“Today, about 75% of the hydrogen that feeds, ah, the ammonia loop comes from a process called steam methane reforming”

“Like there's like 300 some of them in the world, which is crazy, because they produce all the ammonia for all the fertilizer in the entire universe. They're massive, massive plants.”

“Brazil's grid is around 90% green already. And power prices at least away from the coastal economic centers are quite low. 30 to 35 dollars a megawatt hour. That in and of itself allows us to make on the order of seven to 750 dollar a ton of ammonia today with…”