The Ledger

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why aren't all 65 resolved? a statement only gets an assessment when the public record can support or contradict it. opinions and what-ifs never can, and 0 checkable ones are still open, waiting for their date. predictions held up or didn't; assertions are supported or contradicted. on every card: ▮▮▮▮▮ certainty · ▮▮▮▮▮ debate potential. speakers are clickable

Assertion Contradicted
Hommels: Europe cannot independently launch satellites after Ariane sold capacity
“Yeah, currently we either we get a slot in a SpaceX, yeah, with all the with all the restrictions that there are, or we have Ariane, but Ariane base lastly sold a hundred percent of the defense transport capacity to Amazon. So basically, as Europeans, we are, …”
Klaus Hommels Nov 27, 2024 ▶ 31:13 Klaus Hommels: Why "Portfolios are Merely a Construct to Make LPs Happy"? | E1231 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Contradicted
Jordan: Amazon was the only profitable e-commerce business due to low defensibility
“Early on, I was a big proponent of that e-commerce was going to clean the clock of the department stores. I got the thesis half right. Share did shift. No one could make money other than Amazon because of there's just no defensibility, no barriers to entry.”
Jeff Jordan Jan 16, 2023 ▶ 15:52 a16z GP Jeff Jordan: The Ultimate Guide to Two-Sided Marketplaces | 20VC #966 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Contradicted
Amazon and Walmart lose trillions annually in inventory waste
“If you look into the inventory losses and the wastage costs of the likes of Walmart, or even an Amazon, or like normal supermarket chain, it's in the trillions of how much they're losing on a yearly basis of like food and other items that are actually being so…”
Ralf Wenzel Sep 27, 2021 ▶ 10:58 20VC: The Rise of Quick Commerce and Why CPGs ARe Misaligned Being Powered By Ad Spend, The 5 Core Components Consumers Care About When Ordering Today & Why Amazon and Alibaba Will Not Be The Big Players in 10 Years with Ralf Wenzel, Founder & CEO @ JOKR
Assertion Supported
Allbirds Co-Founder: Amazon Profits Off Knockoffs Targeting Allbirds Search Terms
“If you look at how Amazon does, even when you're not selling on their channel, enough people have typed in all birds on amazon.com such that there is a lot of knockoffs and other, perhaps you would call it similar looking products. That are now sold through Am…”
Joey Zwillinger Aug 18, 2017 ▶ 13:01 20VC: What Larry Paige, Mary Meeker and Ben Horowitz All Have In Common, Why You Have To Build A Movement Not A Brand & Why This Really Is A Great Time To Be An Entrepreneur with Joey Zwillinger, Co-Founder @ Allbirds
Assertion Partly supported
Morin details profit margins across TSMC, Nvidia, and cloud providers
“Nvidia, like a TSMC sells you at 60% margin. Nvidia sells you at, you know, 90% margin. And on top of that, there's Amazon that takes, let's say a 30% margin.”
Steeve Morin Feb 24, 2025 ▶ 15:30 Steeve Morin: Why Google Will Win the AI Arms Race & OpenAI Will Not | E1262 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Held up
Kant: Poolside, OpenAI, and Anthropic will rival Big Tech in AI
“What I would like to see and what I think is going to happen is that it's not just Google, Amazon, and Microsoft. It's going to be, you know, an open eye, an anthropic, a poolside, and a set of companies who are able to get that massive escape velocity needed …”
Eiso Kant Oct 7, 2024 ▶ 53:29 Eiso Kant, CTO @Poolside: Raising $600M To Compete in the Race for AGI | E1211 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Kant: Google relies on Broadcom for TPUs while Amazon works with fabs
“Because while Google has to work with Broadcom to be able to bring TPUs into the world, Amazon is working with the fabs directly.”
Eiso Kant Oct 7, 2024 ▶ 20:13 Eiso Kant, CTO @Poolside: Raising $600M To Compete in the Race for AGI | E1211 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Prediction Held up
Ian Lee: NFT-Powered Spotify and YouTube Alternatives Will Emerge by 2024
“So good example of this is that I think that like NFT powered commerce in Web three, NFT powered digital media and various kind of social media platforms. That I knew or believed were gonna happen in 10 years or so, I think are now possible in the next two to …”
Ian Lee Jun 8, 2022 ▶ 52:29 Ian Lee: Why DAOs Will Replace Venture Capital; Biggest Threat to Web3 | 20VC #893 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Liew: Largest e-commerce outcomes are multi-brand retailers competing with Amazon
“The biggest outcomes in the space had been in companies that were multi-brand retailers, and in some sense competing with Amazon and doing so successfully.”
Jeremy Liew Apr 22, 2019 ▶ 32:09 20VC: Lightspeed's Jeremy Liew on Why It Is More Important To Be Right Than Contrarian, The Most Common Mistakes Made By Hyper-Growth Companies & 3 Characteristics That Make An Individual Incredible At Sourcing
Prediction Held up
Kaden: USV will not invest in startups competing directly with Amazon
“So the short answer is I don't want to invest In companies that think they're going to take down Amazon right now, because I believe it's extremely difficult, particularly at the stage we're going at.”
Rebecca Kaden Oct 1, 2018 ▶ 13:42 20VC: USV's Rebecca Kaden on Whether Venture Returns Can Be Made At Scale In Consumer Today & How To Navigate Consumer Investing In A World of Amazon
Assertion Supported
Loftus: Big Tech Buyer Softening Has Kept Startup Acquisition Prices Moderate
“So I haven't seen a ton of price increase, but I do think that's because in my view, even though you've seen new entrants into the market, There's been softening at the other end of the market from the Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon end.”
James Loftus Mar 26, 2018 ▶ 10:10 20VC: How Great VCs Handle Themselves In An M&A Process, Why M&A Has Become The Primary Method of Exit & How The Best M&A Teams Operationalise Their Process with James Loftus, Corporate Development Lead @ Square
Prediction Didn’t hold up
Chad Byers Predicts Facebook or Amazon Will Hit $1 Trillion First
“So I think it's Facebook. You know, my second answer, although this is kind of cheating, would probably be Amazon. So Facebook or Amazon, I don't think it's Apple. I don't think it's Google. I think it's going to be one of those two.”
Chad Byers Aug 24, 2016 ▶ 21:25 20VC: Why Raising A Fund Is Like Raising A $25m Seed Round with No Product & Why Not All LP Money Is Equal with Chad Byers, General Partner @ Susa Ventures
Assertion Supported
Foody Denies Rumor of $13 Billion Amazon Acquisition Offer
“That one is false.”
Brendan Foody Jun 1, 2026 ▶ 10:11 Mercor CEO: Why Application Layer Companies Have No Moat & The Cost of Hiring AI Researchers · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
O'Driscoll: Amazon's $20B Trainium business diverts nearly 10% of Nvidia's revenue
“But all that said, it's still twenty billion of dollars that didn't go to Nvidia that went to Amazon. So it is at the margin meaningful. It's 10% of kind of Nvidia's revenue, a little less than 10%. So it's, and so it's not a mega competitor. It's just an in-h…”
Rory O'Driscoll Apr 16, 2026 ▶ 20:03 SpaceX's Financials Leaked: Is it Worth $2TN | Meta Debuts Muse Spark: Are They Back in the AI Race? · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Contradicted
Morin: Apple purchased 100,000 Trainium AI chips from Amazon
“Let's take Amazon, for instance, with Tranium. Apple just came and said, Hey, we're going to buy a 100,000 of them.”
Steeve Morin Feb 24, 2025 ▶ 40:30 Steeve Morin: Why Google Will Win the AI Arms Race & OpenAI Will Not | E1262 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Barnes & Noble Sued Amazon for False Advertising During IPO Roadshow
“When we took Jeff Bezos out on the road, the first thing that happened was that Barnes and Noble sued him for false advertising because Amazon slogan at the time you may remember was earth's largest bookstore. And Barnes and Noble had no sense of humor about t…”
Frank Quattrone Mar 1, 2024 ▶ 56:31 Frank Quattrone: Lessons from 650 M&A Deals Worth Over $1TRN & Taking Amazon and Cisco Public| E1121 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Eight Sleep requires all job candidates to complete homework projects
“Everyone has to do homework. Anyone who joins the company, they have to, we give them a project. They need to work on that at home and they will present to a panel. I don't care if you are the senior executive and you are the CFO of Amazon. If you want to join…”
Matteo Franceschetti Nov 20, 2023 ▶ 48:52 Matteo Franceschetti: The Ultimate Hiring Playbook: Five Questions to Ask Every New Hire | E1084 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Partly supported
Doerr: Amazon almost ran out of cash after going public
“That, by the way, was true also of Amazon. Amazon almost ran out of cash after it was public as well.”
John Doerr Feb 21, 2022 ▶ 27:50 How I Bought 12% of Google for $12M; How VC is Fixing Climate Change | John Doerr Full Interview · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Eugene Wei: Amazon adopted six-page memos to curb charismatic PowerPoint presenters
“The reason Amazon moved to the six-page memo process was in part because they felt like PowerPoint and the prevalence of PowerPoint in meetings gave too much power to charismatic speakers.”
Eugene Wei Nov 22, 2021 ▶ 9:02 20VC: Eugene Wei on "Status as a Service", Why Networks Grow and Stop Growing, The Worst Design Choices Social Media Incumbents Have Made & The Next 10 Years of Media and the Metaverse
Assertion Contradicted
In the early 2000s, eBay's media category surpassed Amazon's total GMV
“I think eBay's media category was bigger than Amazon's GMV. So eBay was really in those days like Amazon plus Google.”
Marcos Galperin May 7, 2021 ▶ 24:27 20VC: MercadoLibre Founder Marcos Galperin on Optimising Decision-Making, Effective Resource Allocation, Growth vs Profitability, Fundraising Strategies and more on the Journey To Build a $72Bn Market Cap Company
Assertion Partly supported
Stebbings: 43% of venture dollars go directly to Facebook, Google, and Amazon
“I think it's 43%, according to Clearbank. I might have to check that, but I believe 43% of venture dollars goes directly back to Facebook, Google, and Amazon, as a fun fact.”
Harry Stebbings Jan 27, 2020 ▶ 22:00 20VC: Moxxie Ventures' Katie Stanton on What It Takes To Raise A First Time Fund As A Solo GP, The Entrance of Multi-Stage Funds Into Seed Rounds and The Inverse Relationship of Those That Fund Diverse Managers and Those That Say They Do
Assertion Supported
Amazon's Google AdWords spending makes customer acquisition prohibitive for upstart brands
“On frankly, Google AdWords to grow very quickly online, but now Amazon is the number one spender on Google AdWords, and frankly, they're making the cost of customer acquisition almost prohibitive for many of these new upstart brands”
Brendan Wallace May 6, 2019 ▶ 15:39 20VC: Why Consumer Brands Must Embrace Physical Retail To Avoid Inflated Online CACs, How To Alter Fund Strategy When Investing In Consumer Retail & Why The Era of The 1,000 Store Brand Is Over with Brendan Wallace, Founder and Managing Partner @ Fifth Wa
Assertion Partly supported
Midha: Kleiner Perkins' highest IRR investment was Juniper Networks, not Google
“When I was actually studying Kleiner Perkins' returns history, when I was at the firm in the year, the nineties and the 2000, I think one of the highest IR investments that Kleiner ended up ever making was not Google. It was not Amazon. It was Juniper networks…”
Anjney Midha Feb 8, 2019 ▶ 14:31 20VC: What Makes The Best Venture Firms Today So Special, The 3 Structural Impediments That Face Venture Today and Why The Debate on AR vs VR is BS with Anjney Midha, Founder & CEO @ Ubiquity6
Assertion Partly supported
Destin: PillPack Built Its Pharmacy Software With Just 50 Engineers
“I mean, PillPack is a company that got acquired by Amazon for a billion dollars. Guess how many engineers they have? 45. This is a tiny engineering team that built a pharmacy operating system, which, you know, the incumbents have supposedly spent half a billio…”
Fred Destin Jan 15, 2019 ▶ 13:15 20VC: Stride's Fred Destin on The Acceptable vs Non-Acceptable Risks When Investing, How Startup Founders Can Improve The Quality of Their Decision-Making and Must Play for Batting Average & Why Plans Do Not Matter and No Board Member Should Bash An Entre
Assertion Contradicted
US government procurement spending is ten times Amazon's Gross Merchandise Volume
“The U.S. Government spends a trillion dollars a year on stuff. Forget about, like, missiles and submarines. I'm talking about, like, paper and pencils. It's 10 times Amazon's current GMV, just what the U.S. Government spends every year.”
Ron Bouganim Oct 29, 2018 ▶ 26:01 20VC: The 2 Core Roles Played By The Best Seed Investors Today, What To Look For In Potential Co-Investors & Why Seed Funds Can Grow Ownership in Their Best Companies Across Rounds with Ron Bouganim, Founder @ Govtech Fund
Assertion Supported
Eurie Kim: Amazon is likely surpassing Macy's in US apparel sales
“They're probably surpassing Macy's now for number of dollars sold for apparel in the U.S.”
Eurie Kim Jan 22, 2018 ▶ 22:11 20VC: Why Brands Can Have The Same Revenue Multiples As Enterprise Companies & The Right Way To Think About Amazon In Today's World of Commerce with Eurie Kim, General Partner @ Forerunner Ventures
Prediction Held up
Beisel: Amazon will ship 20M to 40M Echo devices in 2017
“Somewhere between 20 to forty million are going to be Shipped in here in 2017.”
David Beisel Aug 16, 2017 ▶ 10:47 20VC: How To Design Investment Decision Making That Allows For Outliers, Why Personal Voice Computing Is The Next Big Platform & The Challenges That Could Prevent It with David Beisel, Founding Partner @ NextView Ventures
Assertion Supported
Fenton: dotCloud was subscale and unviable due to Amazon competition
“When we were in the business model of dot cloud, that wasn't happening. We were subscale. Amazon was competitive in a way that I think it was clear to some of us that the business was no longer viable.”
Peter Fenton Jun 19, 2017 ▶ 12:26 20VC: Benchmark's Peter Fenton on How To Differentiate Between Good & Great VCs, Why Ownership Is A Bigger Determinant Of Returns Than Valuation & What Makes A Truly Exceptional Board Member
Prediction Held up
Ben Lerer: Legacy retail and media will heavily acquire DTC startups
“The last few weeks in retail, I mean, just look at the jet and dollar shave acquisitions. You're seeing, these are the first dominoes in what will be a bunch of dominoes falling. I believe in consolidation where the traditional guys in retail, the traditional …”
Ben Lerer Sep 5, 2016 ▶ 19:22 20VC: Lerer Hippeau's Ben Lerer on 'Investing With Imagination', Strategies To Avoid Fomo & Develop Pattern Recognition As An Investor and Why We Have Seen The Rise of Direct To Consumer Business & Will This Continue With Further M&A
Assertion Supported
Amazon's Twitch Acquisition Exceeded $1 Billion After Employee Retention Packages
“We ended up selling to Twitch To Amazon for nine or seventy million dollars. Does that annoy you that it's not a billion? I think they specifically did that, but you know, it's after retention, it was over a billion”
Justin Kan Aug 1, 2016 ▶ 6:48 20VC: YC's Justin Kan on The 3 Qualities All Successful Investors Have & Why 'VCs Don't Really Do Any Real Work'?
Assertion Supported
Midha: Amazon's Initial Deal With Anthropic Was $4 Billion
“And that's why, you know, it resulted in deep compute and capital for equity partnership with Amazon. That was originally four billion dollars.”
Anjney Midha Apr 14, 2026 ▶ 18:46 The Early Days of Anthropic & How 21 of 22 VCs Rejected It | The Four Bottlenecks in AI | Anj Midha · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Partly supported
O'Driscoll: All of Amazon's retail gross margin comes from ads
“Amazon ads, which has exploded from, you know, we don't talk about it because it's buried in the bigger business, but all the gross margin now comes from ads. The retail business, It's just an excuse to sell ads that makes all the margin, right? On the retail …”
Rory O'Driscoll Jan 22, 2026 ▶ 53:50 Elon Musk vs Sam Altman | The Implosion of Thinking Machines | Can VC Survive Public Pricing? · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Feldman: Tech giants achieved chip design success primarily through acquisitions
“Where there's been success, it has frequently been acquired. Apple got into the chip business through buying PA Semi. Amazon got into the chip business through acquiring Annapurna.”
Andrew Feldman Oct 6, 2025 ▶ 49:49 Cerebras CEO, Andrew Feldman on Why Raise $1BN and Delay the IPO & Why NVIDIA’s Worried About Growth · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Ohanian: NWSL signed a $60M annual media rights deal
“The, we'll pay the league sixty million dollars a year for four years. And that's a medley of Amazon, CBS, ESPN, and then.”
Alexis Ohanian Aug 7, 2024 ▶ 24:55 Alexis Ohanian: The Full P&L Breakdown of the World's Most Valuable Women's Sports Team | E1187 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Amazon's Split-Adjusted $18 IPO Price Equals 7.5 Cents, a 2,200x Return
“By the way, that 18 after all of the stock splits since then is seven and a half cents versus the 170 dollars for Amazon is trading today. So, 2200 times the IPO price.”
Frank Quattrone Mar 1, 2024 ▶ 1:00:21 Frank Quattrone: Lessons from 650 M&A Deals Worth Over $1TRN & Taking Amazon and Cisco Public| E1121 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Partly supported
Clark: Amazon doubled its worldwide operating footprint in 18 months during COVID
“COVID, I mean, it had to have been, I mean, I think the when I think about that, 20, 20 and 21 of Amazon, we doubled the size basically of the entire operating footprint for Amazon in like 18 months.”
Dave Clark Jul 17, 2023 ▶ 42:04 Dave Clark: Lessons from Leading 1M Employees w/ Jeff Bezos at Amazon to CEO of Flexport | E1036 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Parker: PillPack achieved ~$200M revenue run rate prior to Amazon acquisition
“One, like, we were now, like, a version of scale, right? Like, a couple hundred million in run rate or something like that.”
TJ Parker Jun 5, 2023 ▶ 59:53 TJ Parker: Building PillPack, The First E-Commerce Pharmacy, to Amazon's $1B Acquisition | E1022 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Partly supported
TJ Parker: Public pharmacy stocks fell 15% upon Amazon-PillPack acquisition announcement
“All of the companies that traded in pharmacy in the public markets dropped by, like, 15% in, like, three minutes.”
TJ Parker Jun 5, 2023 ▶ 1:06:23 TJ Parker: Building PillPack, The First E-Commerce Pharmacy, to Amazon's $1B Acquisition | E1022 · 20VC with Harry Stebbings
Assertion Supported
Strange: Amazon issued $1 billion in small business loans in 2019
“Like Amazon has done a billion dollars in S&D loans last year”
Angela Strange Sep 8, 2020 ▶ 26:58 20VC: a16z's Angela Strange on Why Every Company Will Be A Fintech Company, How Founders Should Think About Niches and Optimal Insertion Points, How To Transition To Become The System of Record & Are We Entering A Period of Bundling Or Unbundling for Fint
Assertion Partly supported
Jeff Bezos is investing $2 billion into the early education space
“And you know, by the way, it's also investing around two billion in early education in our space, so that one's easy.”
Dave Vasen Dec 14, 2018 ▶ 28:10 20VC: Why Founders Should Not Always Be Raising, How To Build Relationships with VCs In A Condensed Timeframe, Why The Founder To VC Relationship Is Not Like A Marriage with Dave Vasen, Founder & CEO @ Brightwheel
Assertion Supported
Danny Rimer: Amazon Spends More on R&D Than Any Tech Company Historically
“I guess they're spending more on R&D than any other company in the history of technology at this point.”
Danny Rimer Dec 3, 2018 ▶ 10:36 20VC: Index's Danny Rimer on His Biggest Lessons On Price, Ownership, Board Dynamics & Building Consumer Businesses from Backing The Likes of King, Skype, Farfetch, Glossier and more...
Assertion Supported
Danny Rimer Maintained Buy Ratings on All 1990s Internet IPOs
“So I co-authored one of the first reports, if not shamefully the first report on the internet, And then was an internet analyst for the first wave of the internet, so from 94 to 99, and I had all buys on all my universe of stocks, so we took Amazon public, and…”
Danny Rimer Dec 3, 2018 ▶ 5:39 20VC: Index's Danny Rimer on His Biggest Lessons On Price, Ownership, Board Dynamics & Building Consumer Businesses from Backing The Likes of King, Skype, Farfetch, Glossier and more...
Assertion Supported
Airbnb, Uber, and Amazon all launched in seemingly small niche markets
“All of those companies look small in the beginning, you know, Airbnb, Dropbox, Pinterest, like the lists, you know, even Uber in the beginning, they all looked like they were going after something small in the beginning, Amazon just doing books.”
Sarah Tavel Sep 24, 2018 ▶ 13:26 20VC: Benchmark's Sarah Tavel on Why Investing Success Lies In Small Markets Adjacent To Very Large Ones, Why You Have To Be Judicious On When To Pay Up vs Be More Price Sensitive & Why Crypto Investing Is Like The Early Days of AdTech Investing
Prediction Held up
Brown: Consumer habit of starting product searches on Amazon will not change
“We're definitely seeing a world that's dominated by Amazon. I think that's for sure. We're definitely seeing a consumer funnel of, I start on Amazon for just about every purchase that I make, and I don't think that's going to change.”
Nick Brown Aug 6, 2018 ▶ 27:32 20VC: 3 Core Considerations When Investing In Physical Product Co's, Are We In A Direct-To-Consumer Bubble & Why Many Sub $100m Funds Are Moving Earlier and Earlier with Nick Brown, Managing Partner @ Imaginary
Assertion Supported
Taussig: Amazon burned only $3 million in cash before its 1997 IPO
“When Amazon went public in 1997, up until that time, it had only consumed about three million dollars of cash, and that's about half of what it would have burned without the negative working capital effect.”
Alex Taussig Mar 12, 2018 ▶ 24:36 20VC: Lightspeed's Alex Taussig on VC Risk Mentality, The Current State of Retail & The Mechanics of Cash Flow
Assertion Supported
Amazon scaled phenomenally as a first-party business without network effects
“Amazon is the prime example of a large company that started off as a first party business, which had no network effects, and they've done phenomenally well as they've scaled it.”
Anu Hariharan Mar 5, 2018 ▶ 15:43 20VC: Why, How and When To Think About Growth Teams, The Right Way To Think About Network Effects & Scaling from Phase 1 To Phase 2 of Startup Life with Anu Hariharan, Partner @ YC Continuity Fund
Assertion Supported
Google and Amazon drone efforts focus primarily on internal package delivery
“Thus far, Google and Amazon have mostly been focused on how do we deliver packages with drones?”
Ben Marcus Jan 5, 2018 ▶ 9:16 20VC: What Is The Right Drone Investing Strategy, The Catalyst That Will Take Drones to 100s of Millions & Will Amazon and Google Win The War of The Airspace with Ben Marcus, Founder & CEO @ Airmap
Assertion Contradicted
Finkelstein: Early e-commerce forced a choice between million-dollar software and marketplaces
“And at the time in 2004, 2005, there really were two ways to sell a product online. One way was you would pay some agency a million bucks to do some sort of IBM Webster integration or some sort of Magento or, you know, some sort of Hybris integration. These bi…”
Harley Finkelstein May 12, 2017 ▶ 6:02 20VC: Building Shopify From $5m To IPO, Why The Future Of Retail Is Not Online vs Offline & Why Law School Is Like Finishing School For Entrepreneurs with Harley Finkelstein, COO @ Shopify
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