The Ledger

Every statement that passed quotation and attribution checks. Mix any filter with any other: certainty 1/5, debate potential 5/5, or both at once.

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why aren't all 240 resolved? a statement only gets an assessment when the public record can support or contradict it. opinions and what-ifs never can, and 0 checkable ones are still open, waiting for their date. predictions held up or didn't; assertions are supported or contradicted. on every card: ▮▮▮▮▮ certainty · ▮▮▮▮▮ debate potential. speakers are clickable

Opinion
Abbott: 2021 Texas blackouts prove fossil fuels are necessary
“Sean, this shows how the Green New Deal would be a deadly deal for the United States of America. As a result it just shows that fossil fuel is necessary for the state of Texas as well as other states.”
Greg Abbott Jun 1, 2023 ▶ 10:26 Why Texas Republicans are trying to crush wind and solar
Opinion
Niedermeyer: Tesla's self-driving pitch works by matching consumer mental models
“And the reason Tesla's been successful at that is not because it's technically plausible at all. It's because it fits exactly what's in the mental model of the American consumer when they hear the word self-driving cars. And Tesla's the only company that's sel…”
Ed Niedermeyer Jan 25, 2023 ▶ 20:58 The autonomous car bubble has popped
Opinion
Brophy: Fossil fuel assets are the new subprime mortgages
“The fact that fossil fuel assets are basically the new subprime mortgages. It's existential for them because some of these disclosures could expose that.”
Kathleen Brophy Apr 6, 2022 ▶ 16:09 A historic climate rule from America’s financial regulator
Opinion
Jurowicz: Gen-IV reactors solve problems the industry does not currently face
“The things, the problems that Gen-Fur reactors solve are not the problems we're faced right now, we're facing right now. We just need a lot of low-cost, affordable nuclear power. We don't have to reinvent the wheel.”
Jake Jurowicz Aug 12, 2026 ▶ 29:49 Did someone just figure out how to project finance nuclear?
Opinion
Hickenlooper: Environmental nonprofits fund overhead by opposing and slowing development
“Part of it is we have to recognize that all these non, non-profit organizations, they are organisms. They have a life of their own, and like any organism, they're gonna, they don't wanna make themselves extinct. And so they've been raising money to pay for the…”
John Hickenlooper Aug 27, 2025 ▶ 30:50 John Hickenlooper’s optimism in the face of opposition
Opinion
Garabedian: Siemens, ThyssenKrupp, and Cummins margin models will fail in hydrogen
“If you look at the incumbent electrolyzer producers they're the big industrials. I'm talking about companies like Siemens and ThyssenKrupp Cummins, who are not in the business of mercilessly driving cost out of their products, right? They're heavy industrial s…”
Rafi Garabedian Mar 12, 2025 ▶ 30:49 Electric Hydrogen’s bet on supersized electrolyzers
Opinion
Garabedian: Nel and Plug Power lack the technical innovation to cut costs
“Then there are kind of some pure plays, companies like Nell, like Plug Power's not quite a pure play, but you could put them in that category. And these are folks who Haven't shown the desire maybe, or the ability to be highly innovative technically to drive c…”
Rafi Garabedian Mar 12, 2025 ▶ 31:36 Electric Hydrogen’s bet on supersized electrolyzers
Opinion
Shah: NRC is not currently the primary bottleneck for nuclear
“I would say that having done this nuclear stuff for the better part of three years, I don't know of a single project that was hurt in any material way by the NRC. Right? So I do see the NRC being a bottleneck where we're building 10 reactors a year, but we're …”
Jigar Shah Jul 16, 2024 ▶ 37:34 Our final episode: The top stories of 2024 so far
Opinion
Beebe: It is game over for hydrogen and internal combustion vehicles
“I, you know, I think it's game over for hydrogen based vehicles. It's game over for internal combustion engines.”
Andrew Beebe Jun 10, 2024 ▶ 34:38 AI-fueled geothermal and ‘the edge of the possible’
Opinion
Firing the Supercharger team to bet on autonomous tech is irrational
“You get rid of the team responsible for your most valuable asset, and You put all the bets of your company, you bet the company on a technology that isn't anywhere near ready for the market. All of these things together, they're not rational. They are not rati…”
Steve LeVine May 15, 2024 ▶ 22:06 Tesla’s extremely hardcore pivot
Opinion
O'Donnell: US developers are dangerously distracted by speculative hydrogen subsidies
“In the U.S., there's a developer community's attention, in my humble opinion, has been a bit attracted to the hydrogen subsidies, and that The place will get the next wave of growth for utility-scale solar. We'll be building hydrogen projects that sell hydroge…”
John O'Donnell Apr 9, 2024 ▶ 21:26 The rise of heat batteries
Opinion
Sussman warns refining industry may lock into blue hydrogen permanently
“It's really scary to me to think that the whole refining industry, which is one of the two largest users of gray hydrogen today, and is a prime candidate for switching to green, could go permanently in the direction of blue now, Sussman said.”
Lisa Martine Jenkins Mar 22, 2024 ▶ 20:31 The Latitude: Could government rules hinder green hydrogen?
Opinion
St. John: Clean hydrogen incentives risk becoming a tax-credit mining scheme
“I fear some jockeying around from folks who see this as being either a tax credit mining or farming opportunity, or a chance to see their existing fossil fuel assets be repurposed for use in what is putatively a decarbonization strategy, but which runs the sig…”
Jeff St. John Dec 22, 2023 ▶ 38:36 The storylines of the energy transition in 2023
Opinion
Wesoff: All advanced nuclear reactor designs are untested paper reactors
“All of the reactors in the advanced reactor population are paper reactors. We haven't built them. We haven't tested them.”
Eric Wesoff Dec 12, 2023 ▶ 11:23 Making sense of advanced nuclear’s stumbles
Opinion
Wesoff: SMRs are engineering solutions misapplied to financial and PR problems
“Small reactors, SMRs, are a nuclear engineering solution to a financial problem. We need a financial solution to this financial problem. Small modular reactors are a nuclear engineering, engineering solution to a PR problem. We need a PR solution to that, not …”
Eric Wesoff Dec 12, 2023 ▶ 35:08 Making sense of advanced nuclear’s stumbles
Opinion
Wesoff: Nuclear industry should build AP1000 reactors over novel designs
“We should be figuring out how to build AP 1000 instead of flailing around trying to find silver bullet designs that will rescue this industry.”
Eric Wesoff Dec 12, 2023 ▶ 44:03 Making sense of advanced nuclear’s stumbles
Opinion
Real-time electricity pricing is a terrible idea for retail consumers
“I also hear a lot of things about, we're magically gonna give everyone real-time rates. I think that's a terrible idea. I think that is a terrible idea. I think real-time rates are a, are an approach to trying to personalize, but actually passing the entirety …”
Apoorv Bhargava Nov 16, 2023 ▶ 56:07 AI in the real world: Solar forecasting, EVs, and virtual power plants
Opinion
Naam: Wilderness no longer exists; preserving ecosystems requires active human management
“There is no such thing as wilderness on planet Earth anymore. We have modified the climate such that if you're, if it's a forest, if it's a coral reef, if it's a wetlands, It doesn't exist in the same climactic band that that natural ecosystem evolved in. And …”
Ramez Naam Jul 20, 2023 ▶ 40:15 What’s the next big trend in clean energy?
Opinion
Pichai: AI is more profound than fire or electricity
“You know, I've always thought of AI as the most profound technology humanity is working on. More profound than fire or electricity or anything that we have done in the past.”
Sundar Pichai Jun 22, 2023 ▶ 0:21 How AI is being used in energy, right now
Opinion
Shah: No EPC contractor will provide a guaranteed price on AP1000
“I don't think any EPC contractor wants to wrap that thing and provide you a guarantee price, but whatever, you know.”
Jigar Shah May 17, 2023 ▶ 41:43 Live: Is advanced nuclear ready for liftoff?
Opinion
Steve Coll found reporting on Exxon scarier than covering the CIA
“I thought it was hard to report on the CIA, and I came to understand that Exxon was far more difficult and a little bit scarier even.”
Steve Coll Apr 17, 2023 ▶ 18:08 From Drilled: The Boom
Opinion
Kra: VCs who triggered the run on SVB share blame for damage
“You might have just destroyed an institution that created value for our companies. And turns out that the people who tried to stay the course are in just as good shape as you are, except the whole ecosystem took a body blow that it didn't need to take. So I th…”
Gabriel Kra Mar 20, 2023 ▶ 25:05 A bank collapse threatens climate startups
Opinion
Iseman: Inhaling sulfur dioxide hurts less than a massive bong hit
“Like, if you've ever done a massive bong hit, like, it's, let's, it's not, it sounds, it's, a bong hit is worse than, you know, what you're gonna inhale in terms of the pain.”
Luke Iseman Mar 15, 2023 ▶ 3:07 A rogue geoengineering startup sparks worry
Opinion
Surprise: Make Sunsets' $10 cooling credits are scientifically dubious marketing
“They really, at this point, don't have any way to measure whether or not they're actually releasing the proper amount of sulfur if it's making it into the stratosphere, and it's, you know, easy, like, these just round, easy numbers of correlation from, well, o…”
Dr. Kevin Surprise Mar 15, 2023 ▶ 10:35 A rogue geoengineering startup sparks worry
Opinion
Iseman: Academic geoengineering scientists need startup operators to execute real-world testing
“I've worked with PhDs before in previous roles, and, you know, I get what they do. They're very challenging, smart. They can look very far into the future, but at the end of the day, when the rubber meets the road, they need someone like me to actually The sci…”
Luke Iseman Mar 15, 2023 ▶ 19:03 A rogue geoengineering startup sparks worry
Opinion
Dr. Terrell: Cancer Alley disproportionately burdens communities of color with pollution and cancer
“To me, Cancer Alley is a place in southeast Louisiana where communities of color are disproportionately burdened with air pollution and with cancer.”
Dr. Kimberly Terrell Mar 13, 2023 ▶ 16:53 Introducing Discarded: Episode 1, David vs. Goliath
Opinion
Shah: US transformer backlog stems from avoiding VPPs, not actual shortages
“This is why we have a three-year backlog on distribution transformers. It's not because we have a shortage of distribution transformers in this country. It's because everybody wants to fix the problem using 19 eighties approaches instead of virtual power plant…”
Jigar Shah Mar 8, 2023 ▶ 40:35 Are oil & gas majors abandoning clean energy?
Opinion
Cape Coral's low elevation makes it unsuitable for 200,000 residents
“And so the place was always, you know, not only in harm's way, but with these canals to carry the storm throughout the city when it does come incredibly low-lying, incredibly wet just not the kind of place where you should put 200,000 humans.”
Michael Grunwald Oct 24, 2022 ▶ 2:23 The ‘ecological ponzi scheme’ putting Florida at risk
Opinion
Florida's coastal development model operates as an ecological Ponzi scheme
“And so that's what I mean by this ecological Ponzi scheme, where eventually, kind of, the bill comes due, and Hurricane Ian is one of those moments where suddenly we've put twenty million people in harm's way, And the harm arrived.”
Michael Grunwald Oct 24, 2022 ▶ 6:54 The ‘ecological ponzi scheme’ putting Florida at risk
Opinion
Corbeau: Germany decommissioning nuclear plants to burn coal is 'completely insane'
“The second reason is that Germany has continued with their nuclear power plant decommissioning, so a few gigawatt free nuclear power plants were decommissioned at the end of last year, and they are going to decommission another three at the end of this year, w…”
Anne-Sophie Corbeau Aug 3, 2022 ▶ 8:19 How bad will Europe's gas crisis get?
Opinion
Paul claims the CBO is anything but a fair and honest broker
“Both teams agree that they are, you know, a fair and honest kind of broker in the policy situation. But in fact, CBO is anything but.”
Dr. Mark Paul Jun 1, 2022 ▶ 8:54 The obscure federal agency hindering climate legislation
Opinion
Westhoff: US Is No More Suited to Solar Manufacturing Than iPhones
“However, I have to say that the United States is no more suitable to solar manufacturing than it is to iPhone manufacturing.”
Eric Wesoff Apr 27, 2022 ▶ 10:19 How one company could crush the US solar industry
Opinion
Westhoff: Auxin Solar Is an Uncompetitive Manufacturer Seeking Government Aid
“I would suggest that they are just an uncompetitive manufacturer looking for any help they can get.”
Eric Wesoff Apr 27, 2022 ▶ 11:40 How one company could crush the US solar industry
Opinion
Griffin: Hawaiian Electric's transition is like trading cigarettes for crack
“Your plan To me, amounts to a shift from one fossil fuel to another. We're going from cigarettes to crack. We're going from coal to oil.”
Jay Griffin Jan 13, 2022 ▶ 9:22 The risk of ‘unforced error’ in Hawaii’s coal transition
Opinion
Musk: Congress should cancel Biden's federal climate legislation entirely
“I would say, honestly, I would just can this whole bill. Don't pass it. That's my recommendation.”
Elon Musk Dec 22, 2021 ▶ 1:58 Elon Musk is person of the year. What's his Tesla legacy?
Opinion
Musk: The government should eliminate all subsidies entirely
“I'm literally saying get rid of all subsidies.”
Elon Musk Dec 22, 2021 ▶ 2:26 Elon Musk is person of the year. What's his Tesla legacy?
Opinion
Gershenson: Climate VCs often give under-informed board advice with unearned certainty
“The challenge that I have with that group of investors is that oftentimes the advice that they give to founders, or the guidance that they give to founders while they're on their boards, is often not as informed as it should be, but is given as very definitive…”
Dimitri Gershenson Jul 29, 2026 ▶ 19:44 The missing capital for climate startups: more debt
Opinion
Su: Climate tech models assuming €100 carbon prices carry major political risk
“If you're building, I don't know if you're a crazy person, and you're unfortunately building a DAC company right now, or Green Steel, and your revenue model assumed a 100 euro per ton carbon price in perpetuity, You're taking on political risk whether you ackn…”
Susan Su May 6, 2026 ▶ 35:29 The $6 trillion threat to climate tech finance
Opinion
Sage's subsurface storage is more cost-effective than lithium-ion batteries
“You're using four batteries to achieve that 16 hour duration, whereas ours, it's made really for that longer duration, and so it's going to be more cost effective than the batteries.”
Cindy Taff Dec 17, 2025 ▶ 5:44 Sage Geosystems' bet on underground energy storage
Opinion
Sam White claims Indian business culture freely accepts copying patented technology
“Even with a patent, you know, in India, the culture is, there's nothing wrong with stealing someone's technology. It's just the way it is.”
Sam White Oct 22, 2025 ▶ 18:04 The thermal battery transforming cold storage for India’s dairy farmers
Opinion
Graphitic claims its process yields the cheapest non-SMR hydrogen at scale
“I mean, it's still, even without any carbon value, if you build a big plant, this is still, we think, the cheapest sort of non-SMR-based hydrogen that you're going to be able to produce.”
Zach Jones Aug 13, 2025 ▶ 21:16 The rogue idea that saved a hydrogen startup
Opinion
Needham: Fusion is now an engineering problem, not a science problem
“We're just confident the science will work. It's basically an engineering problem right now. Build a comp, you know, a complex machine. But if you get that right, like you're off to the races.”
Rick Needham Jun 18, 2025 ▶ 29:15 The tape that led to a fusion breakthrough
Opinion
Garabedian: Global electrolytic hydrogen has entered disillusionment mode
“It's not a seller's market in electrolytic hydrogen anymore. At least not for the time being. We've definitely come out of hype mode, and we're in hydrogen disillusionment mode right now, I think, globally.”
Rafi Garabedian Mar 12, 2025 ▶ 15:46 Electric Hydrogen’s bet on supersized electrolyzers
Opinion
Shah: Trump wind and solar pauses are retribution for Biden oil policies
“I think turnaround is fair play. Like, I mean, I really do think that the wind and solar pauses at the Army Corps Engineers and Fish and Wildlife are, you know, retribution for a lot of the stuff that the Biden administration did, the oil and gas industry”
Jigar Shah Feb 19, 2025 ▶ 18:14 Open Circuit: Jigar, Katherine, and Stephen are back
Opinion
Shah: Chris Wright is a fantastic pick for Secretary of Energy
“I thought his memo was great. I thought it was well-balanced. I thought it was, you know, like, what you would have expected from a George W. Bush appointee. So, like, I think Chris Wright's a fantastic pick as the Secretary of Energy, and so I'm glad to see h…”
Jigar Shah Feb 19, 2025 ▶ 46:24 Open Circuit: Jigar, Katherine, and Stephen are back
Opinion
Farooqi: Outside retail aggregators understand customers far better than regulated utilities
“These companies understand customers a hundred times better than regulated utilities. They have come in from the outside. They know how to talk and communicate to customers and do the pricing in a way that the customer says, oh, I see, this will lower my bill,…”
Ahmad Farooqi Sep 4, 2024 ▶ 13:08 Frontier Forum: How rates will make or break the energy transition
Opinion
Shah: Clean energy companies must stop hiding their DOE loan applications
“People are so afraid of having anyone hate them that they're like, oh, I don't want to mention that we're a, we're an applicant to the loan programs office. I don't want to mention that we're, you know, applying for this grant or whatever else, right? That's n…”
Jigar Shah Jul 16, 2024 ▶ 7:28 Our final episode: The top stories of 2024 so far
Opinion
Janus: Power availability, not chip supply, is the primary constraint for AI
“Absolutely power. Absolutely. I think, you know, six to 12 months ago, I think a lot of the companies were concerned about chip availability, but I think everyone has come around to realize that that is not going to be the biggest constraint.”
Brian Janous May 21, 2024 ▶ 22:38 Energy is now the ‘primary bottleneck’ for AI
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