The Ledger

Every statement that passed quotation and attribution checks. Mix any filter with any other: certainty 1/5, debate potential 5/5, or both at once.

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why aren't all 133 resolved? a statement only gets an assessment when the public record can support or contradict it. opinions and what-ifs never can, and 0 checkable ones are still open, waiting for their date. predictions held up or didn't; assertions are supported or contradicted. on every card: ▮▮▮▮▮ certainty · ▮▮▮▮▮ debate potential. speakers are clickable

Assertion Supported
Helsing: AI took full control of Gripen fighter jet in dogfight test
“Last year we flew a real fighter jet and we flew the Saab Gripen over the Baltic Sea. And when I say we, our AI did and took full control of the plane in air combat against and another Gripen, which was human controlled. And so we flew three air combat scenari…”
Torsten Reil Aug 26, 2026 ▶ 31:35 Building Defense Technologies to Protect Democracies | Torsten Reil, Helsing
Assertion Supported
Palmer Luckey was pushed out and fired from Facebook for supporting Trump
“This was when he was kind of persona non grata in tech and mainstream for supporting Trump and not supporting Hillary while he was at Facebook. So it was pretty soon after he was pushed out, fired for political beliefs at Facebook, which is kind of mind blowin…”
Lulu Cheng Meservey Aug 12, 2026 ▶ 12:17 The Comms Strategist Behind Anduril, Shopify & Cognition | Lulu Cheng Meservey
Assertion Supported
Ovitz: AI music platforms Suno and Udio construct songs using copyrighted IP
“We've seen it, what's going on with Suno and Udio, where they're taking IP that other people own, even 10 seconds of it, and Constructing custom-made songs.”
Michael Ovitz Aug 9, 2026 ▶ 53:19 Founder of CAA Michael Ovitz: "I Just Knew I Was Going to Outwork Every One of Them"
Assertion Supported
Spiegel: Studies prove Snapchat boosts well-being unlike Instagram and TikTok
“What's fascinating is when Snapchat is studied separately from social media, there's study after study, independent studies that show that Snapchat makes a positive impact on people's friendships, on their wellbeing, that is fundamentally Different from social…”
Evan Spiegel Apr 12, 2026 ▶ 1:45:44 Evan Spiegel, Snapchat: Building a Multi-Billion Dollar Company
Assertion Supported
Armstrong: Around 300 Coinbase employees staged a walkout over BLM stance
“This erupted in Slack and basically 300 employees did a walkout. In protest.”
Brian Armstrong Mar 1, 2026 ▶ 17:05 Brian Armstrong: When Washington Tried to Kill Coinbase
Assertion Supported
Reil: Banks grouped defense in the same bucket as porn and gambling
“Back then the defense of a country or of a democratic society was grouped for banks in the same bucket as pornography and gambling and smoking.”
Torsten Reil Aug 26, 2026 ▶ 10:22 Building Defense Technologies to Protect Democracies | Torsten Reil, Helsing
Assertion Supported
Altman: AI is currently solving novel math problems and making discoveries
“We're finally at the moment where AI is solving novel math problems. It is discovering other stuff. It is, you know, you can argue about how good or not, I would say not very good, but it is writing poetry.”
Sam Altman Aug 23, 2026 ▶ 27:34 Sam Altman on Building OpenAI & Betting on the Impossible
Assertion Supported
Kalanick: Post-departure NYC regulations turned Uber into an expensive taxi system
“And if people are taking Ubers today in New York and wondering why it's so expensive, And why it's getting more unreliable. It's because after I left Uber, they started passing a bunch of laws that are turning Uber into the taxi system. They've, they have a li…”
Travis Kalanick Aug 16, 2026 ▶ 41:14 Excellence Is the Capacity To Take Pain | Travis Kalanick, Founder of Uber
Assertion Supported
DHH: Twenty out of sixty employees resigned after 2021 workplace politics ban
“We're a small company, 60 people so at the time, 20 took the offer. 20 left. Like, that's almost a third of the company that decided to leave in that moment”
David Heinemeier Hansson (DHH) Jul 26, 2026 ▶ 1:36:50 DHH: How to Build a Profitable Company Without Losing Control
Assertion Supported
ZMC Executed a Hostile Takeover of Take-Two Without Personal Capital
“The way we did this deal has never happened before, and I'm pretty certain it will never happen again, because we essentially did a hostile takeover with no money.”
Strauss Zelnick May 17, 2026 ▶ 0:28 The Man Behind Grand Theft Auto 6: Strauss Zelnick
Assertion Supported
Foroughi: AppLovin's $6B buyback generated $50B to $60B in value
“And so for the following 18 months, we ended up deploying somewhere around six billion dollars of buybacks of our own capital, and we leveraged some to buy back shares in the company. And over time, that ended up creating somewhere in the neighborhood of 50, s…”
Adam Foroughi May 3, 2026 ▶ 3:10 Bootstrapping a Business to $5 Billion in Free Cash Flow | AppLovin’s Adam Foroughi
Assertion Supported
Spiegel: Snap funded 12 years of smart glasses R&D without VC patience
“What's very unique about Snapchat is we've been able to do that now for, you know, we've invested in glasses for 12 years. We've been able to very consistently invest in a way that no VC would ever in a million years support.”
Evan Spiegel Apr 12, 2026 ▶ 1:50:01 Evan Spiegel, Snapchat: Building a Multi-Billion Dollar Company
Assertion Supported
Armstrong: Coinbase paid zero fines and won SEC lawsuit
“Oh, and I should mention we won that case. It was, so we didn't pay a single dollars, a single dollar in fines. We didn't have to change a single thing about the company. The judge Actually, the SEC withdrew it under this new administration, and several judges…”
Brian Armstrong Mar 1, 2026 ▶ 9:29 Brian Armstrong: When Washington Tried to Kill Coinbase
Assertion Supported
Armstrong: Five percent of Coinbase staff took exit package after blog post
“We put out the post, and I said, anybody who's not aligned with this new direction, we'll give you a good severance package. You can fill out this form and accept it by Friday or something. And five percent of the company took the exit package.”
Brian Armstrong Mar 1, 2026 ▶ 20:52 Brian Armstrong: When Washington Tried to Kill Coinbase
Assertion Supported
Armstrong: NewLimit successfully reprogrammed human cells to restore function
“We've demonstrated successfully programming human cells for the first time to restore function.”
Brian Armstrong Mar 1, 2026 ▶ 1:34:20 Brian Armstrong: When Washington Tried to Kill Coinbase
Assertion Supported
Fried: Moving 37signals Off the Cloud Will Save Roughly $10 Million
“David wrote this great article about like getting off the cloud. It's going to save us something like ten million bucks and whatever it is.”
Jason Fried Feb 15, 2026 ▶ 1:30:38 Jason Fried: Your Only Competition Is Your Costs
Assertion Supported
Iovine: Music streaming economics broke by copying Apple's 70/30 download split
“If you look at those deals are reflective of the iTunes download market, 70, 30. That was the same business as the download market. So they just copied that, which is not a great bit model for that. Why? Because you have Not enough money in the streaming servi…”
Jimmy Iovine Feb 1, 2026 ▶ 4:01 Jimmy Iovine: Building Interscope Records & Beats by Dre
Assertion Supported
Graves: Raising Cane's Is Valued at Over $20 Billion on 20x EBITDA
“We're trading on, not trading, we don't trade, but we're valued on over 20 times EBITDA, those company restaurants. Go into that. So the profitability that comes into all of it gets on that, that higher multiple. That's why we have the twenty billion plus valu…”
Todd Graves Nov 9, 2025 ▶ 1:44:24 How Todd Graves Built Raising Cane's
Assertion Supported
Reil: AI algorithms already enable robust GPS-free drone navigation on frontlines
“Pretty much the whole frontline is GPS jammed, so you can't use your GPS receiver, so you need to find a different way to navigate and know where you are. You either do that with a human trying to recognize where they are, just almost like a pilot of a plane d…”
Torsten Reil Aug 26, 2026 ▶ 6:13 Building Defense Technologies to Protect Democracies | Torsten Reil, Helsing
Assertion Supported
Altman: ChatGPT has reached one billion users in under four years
“ChatGPT has only been out, like, less than four years. A billion people use it.”
Sam Altman Aug 23, 2026 ▶ 35:23 Sam Altman on Building OpenAI & Betting on the Impossible
Assertion Supported
Kalanick: Uber spent tens of millions monthly fighting Didi in China
“So we were spending, let's say tens of millions of dollars a month fighting DD in all these cities.”
Travis Kalanick Aug 16, 2026 ▶ 21:30 Excellence Is the Capacity To Take Pain | Travis Kalanick, Founder of Uber
Assertion Supported
DHH: Shopify Uses Autonomous AI Agents to Complete Work and Open PRs
“River, the current system that they have for you. Employing agents to do work and open PRs and everything. Like, everyone is working towards that. Shopify is already there”
David Heinemeier Hansson (DHH) Jul 26, 2026 ▶ 34:53 DHH: How to Build a Profitable Company Without Losing Control
Assertion Supported
Ross: Porting AlphaGo to TPUs jumped its ELO by hundreds of points
“AlphaGo running on GPUs had an ELO score of about 3200. Lease it all was about 35, 35 50. And I might be getting the first digit wrong. It might be 2000 instead of 3000. But like, you know, it was more than 200. And then when put on on TPUs, it actually went t…”
Jonathan Ross Jul 5, 2026 ▶ 31:00 Why Asking the Right Questions Is the Most Important Skill in the AI Age
Assertion Supported
Devin scored 13 percent on SWE-bench against a 3 percent baseline
“At the time the best known was like Three or four percent or something like that, but obviously, yeah, 13% still means you fail, you know, 87% of the time.”
Scott Wu Jun 28, 2026 ▶ 34:56 The Future of Software & AI | Cognition’s Scott Wu
Assertion Supported
LeBron James rejected a $10M Reebok signing bonus in high school
“His wife wrote a personal check for ten million dollars, and the driver, when we landed, had the check. We went to the meeting, And Paul says, LeBron, I know, you know, a hundred million dollars, you know, Adidas is gonna offer that when you go see them next, …”
Steve Stoute Jun 21, 2026 ▶ 27:52 The Marketing Genius of Steve Stoute
Assertion Supported
Stoute: Ryan Coogler negotiated an unprecedented rights reversion deal with Warner for 'Sinners'
“The rights of that movie reverts back to him. So what he did when he negotiated his deal with Warner to put out Sinners, which he wrote and directed, was that he would only put it with a studio that would allow him to get the rights back in a certain period of…”
Steve Stoute Jun 21, 2026 ▶ 1:04:59 The Marketing Genius of Steve Stoute
Assertion Supported
Stoute: Jay-Z wrote Snoop Dogg's parts on 'Still D.R.E.'
“Every line Snoop says in the hook is fucking Jay wrote. I was like, this guy's different. He wrote Snoop's parts on that song.”
Steve Stoute Jun 21, 2026 ▶ 1:25:49 The Marketing Genius of Steve Stoute
Assertion Supported
Catmull: Steve Jobs acted as Pixar's outside corrective force
“We had to get another outside force, and the outside force was Steve Jobs.”
Ed Catmull Jun 14, 2026 ▶ 10:07 Building Pixar, Working With Steve Jobs, and Cultivating Creativity | Ed Catmull
Assertion Supported
Catmull: Jobs refused to renew Pixar deal while Eisner ran Disney
“Michael Eisner was still the CEO, and he would not have continued with Michael Eisner. So, since we were getting into the contract, he started discussions with other studios which would mean, you know, them doing the distribution.”
Ed Catmull Jun 14, 2026 ▶ 34:11 Building Pixar, Working With Steve Jobs, and Cultivating Creativity | Ed Catmull
Assertion Supported
Zelnick Won an 88% Shareholder Vote to Take Over Take-Two
“The general counsel comes into the meeting room that we're in, and he says, well, we don't have the final vote, but we have a provisional vote. You have 88%. He said, so will you accept that, or do you want us to keep counting? I said, we'll accept that. And t…”
Strauss Zelnick May 17, 2026 ▶ 54:38 The Man Behind Grand Theft Auto 6: Strauss Zelnick
Assertion Supported
White: Early UFC Was Banned From Pay-Per-View While Porn Was Allowed
“At that time it wasn't allowed on pay-per-view. You as a grown adult didn't have the right to purchase it on pay-per-view porn. Was on pay-per-view. Okay. But the UFC was not allowed on pay-per-view.”
Dana White May 10, 2026 ▶ 6:28 Dana White: The Man Behind the UFC
Assertion Supported
White: We Sold the UFC for $4B in 2016 Without a TV Deal
“We sell for four point oh two five billion, right? No TV deal. We're coming up to the end of our Fox deal. We have no TV deal. Nothing.”
Dana White May 10, 2026 ▶ 46:13 Dana White: The Man Behind the UFC
Assertion Supported
White: UFC Media Rights Scaled From $35M to a $7.7B Mega-Deal
“Spike, thirty-five million dollar deal. Fox, hundred million dollar deal. ESPN, three billion dollar deal. And now here we are, 7.7 for seven years.”
Dana White May 10, 2026 ▶ 46:41 Dana White: The Man Behind the UFC
Assertion Supported
White: I Produced a Fully AI-Generated Commercial for the White House
“Well, the response was I did a whole commercial in AI, ah, after that for the White House.”
Dana White May 10, 2026 ▶ 50:41 Dana White: The Man Behind the UFC
Assertion Supported
Foroughi: AppLovin operates with no CRO or COO in its C-suite
“To this day, we don't have a CRO. We're an ads business. I mean, anywhere you look, advertising business, who doesn't have a CRO? We don't have a CRO. We don't have a COO. We have today this, the C-suite is myself, the CFO, the CTO, and we have a general couns…”
Adam Foroughi May 3, 2026 ▶ 1:11:39 Bootstrapping a Business to $5 Billion in Free Cash Flow | AppLovin’s Adam Foroughi
Assertion Supported
Roblox's global infrastructure costs less than one cent per user hourly
“Like all of Roblox runs for less than a penny an hour. For every person around the world.”
David Baszucki Apr 26, 2026 ▶ 27:45 Roblox’s David Baszucki Built the Biggest Playground on Earth
Assertion Supported
Xu: 90% of DoorDash drivers work fewer than 10 hours weekly
“And then if you look at it today, there's almost no overlap, very little overlap between ride sharing drivers and delivery drivers, and the Dashers, more than half of them are women today. They come from Dozens of industries. Literally, I mean every place. The…”
Tony Xu Mar 29, 2026 ▶ 1:14:33 Tony Xu of DoorDash: Surviving 1,000 Days of Startup Hell
Assertion Supported
Armstrong: Five GSIB banks are working with Coinbase on crypto integrations
“Five of the, you know, GSIB banks in the world, the largest banks are working with us now on crypto integrations.”
Brian Armstrong Mar 1, 2026 ▶ 1:27:52 Brian Armstrong: When Washington Tried to Kill Coinbase
Assertion Supported
Mackey: VCs owned 34% of Whole Foods before IPO and another round would forfeit control
“The founding investors still had a majority of the stock. The VCs on 34%. But if we'd done another round, they would have gotten control of the business, and they had different agendas.”
John Mackey Jan 4, 2026 ▶ 36:37 John Mackey: The Dropout Who Changed How America Eats
Assertion Supported
Mackey: Whole Foods gave stock options to all employees, creating many millionaires
“So many of our team members became millionaires through our stock option program. If you're on a winning team that grows, you can make a lot of money, even if you're not the most senior executives. We gave stock options to everybody that worked there.”
John Mackey Jan 4, 2026 ▶ 45:57 John Mackey: The Dropout Who Changed How America Eats
Assertion Supported
Dyson bought out Jeremy Fry's 49% stake for £45,000
“He just said, I hate lawsuits, and my financial advisor thinks the vacuum cleaner's going nowhere, and he owned 49% of the business. So what'd you buy an hour for? I bought him out. 45,000 pounds.”
James Dyson Dec 7, 2025 ▶ 1:23:10 James Dyson: 5,127 Prototypes
Assertion Supported
Dell: Base Core battery is custom-designed and manufactured in-house
“It's called the base core, and it is our custom-built battery, and it is the output of the last three years of learning how to install, operate, and manage tens of thousands of distributed home batteries. It's completely designed by us from the ground up. It's…”
Zach Dell Sep 6, 2026 ▶ 1:06:53 Building a Power Company for the Next 50 Years | Zach Dell, Base Power
Assertion Supported
Sequoia sold its 25% stake in Cisco for only a $90M gain
“We sold our Cisco shares for cash for the total gain of ninety million. We owned a quarter of Cisco systems.”
Doug Leone Aug 30, 2026 ▶ 41:49 How to Dominate for Decades | Doug Leone, Sequoia Capital
Assertion Supported
Reil: Drones can find and strike artillery 40-50 km away
“And for artillery systems as well, if artillery systems try to hide 40 to 50 kilometers away from the front, ah, to shoot, you can still find them with drones and you can attack them with drones.”
Torsten Reil Aug 26, 2026 ▶ 0:51 Building Defense Technologies to Protect Democracies | Torsten Reil, Helsing
Assertion Supported
Reil: Daniel Ek invested €100M of personal money into Helsing
“Very difficult to raise money in 21 for defense, like no VC wanted to talk to us, and we didn't even try in the end, so we just raised money from individuals, family offices, and then we were lucky that Daniel you know, put in a hundred million euros of his ow…”
Torsten Reil Aug 26, 2026 ▶ 11:40 Building Defense Technologies to Protect Democracies | Torsten Reil, Helsing
Assertion Supported
Reil: Helsing and Saab won German Eurofighter electronic warfare contract using AI
“We came in with an AI-based approach, deep learning-based approach that kind of recover that ability to interpret those radars, and it was a big technology jump, and we managed to win that program of record together with our partner Saab against, you know, a l…”
Torsten Reil Aug 26, 2026 ▶ 25:04 Building Defense Technologies to Protect Democracies | Torsten Reil, Helsing
Assertion Supported
Altman: OpenAI's GPT series originated from its unsupervised sentiment neuron paper
“You know, what started as the unsupervised sentiment neuron paper turned into GPT-ONE and then eventually GPT-whatever.”
Sam Altman Aug 23, 2026 ▶ 1:15:03 Sam Altman on Building OpenAI & Betting on the Impossible
Assertion Supported
Kalanick: Pre-Uber, NYC taxi drivers paid $40k yearly for half-time rentals
“When Uber rolled into New York the driver was getting a 12 hour shift seven days a week. But there are 2:12 hour shifts. Each of those drivers was paying 40,000 dollars a year to rent a car for half time.”
Travis Kalanick Aug 16, 2026 ▶ 36:20 Excellence Is the Capacity To Take Pain | Travis Kalanick, Founder of Uber
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