The Ledger, every show
Every statement that passed quotation and attribution checks, across all 44 shows. Pick shows below, then mix any filter with any other.
shows 




every show 44 of 44
Cagan: Remote work has significantly hurt product velocity and innovation
“The reality is with remote employees, Both velocity and innovation have taken a real hit.”
Cagan: Feature teams do not need product managers and dramatically overpay them
“The truth is they don't need PMs in a feature team. They don't because it's a project management role and he, and they already have plenty of people who can cover that. And furthermore, a lot of times the engineers or the designers say, you know, we'd rather d…”
Cagan: The product owner should not be a dedicated full-time role
“A product owner is at one extreme. And honestly, That is a role in a delivery process that has no business being a dedicated person really doesn't. And most teams I know the senior engineer could do it better anyway.”
Cagan: Product management certifications are completely bogus
“So these certifications, which in my opinion are bogus, but most people don't know.”
Cagan: Almost all innovative tech products come from domain outsiders
“My evidence for that is just look across our industry, across time, that all the innovative products, almost all of them, came from people and teams that had no real domain experience.”
Cagan: Product Owners Almost Never Have the Skills to Be PMs
“You know, I hate the idea of those companies that have separate product owners because product owner is just an administrative role. Product owners almost never have the skills to be a product manager.”
Almost all innovative products are built by teams without domain expertise
“Look across our industry, across time, at all the innovative products, almost all of them came from people and teams that had no real domain experience.”
Founders who outsource engineering to firms like Accenture are not serious
“When I find a founder that thinks that engineers are somebody you can just do a contract with Accenture or somebody. I'm like, you're not serious about this. Come back. If you decide to get serious.”
Cagan: Feature teams and product teams should not share the PM title
“I really do believe at this point in time that, that feature teams and real product teams should not use the same string product manager. The job is so radically different that it just is, it's misleading to call them both product manager.”
Cagan: Product managers are responsible for the 'how', not just the 'what'
“The product manager is responsible for making sure that the solution is valuable and viable. And that is hard. That is hard. That takes real work. And that's part of the how that's a pretty damn integral part of the how as well. Now you don't tell the engineer…”
Cagan: Product owner is an administrative role lacking PM skills
“I hate the idea of those companies that have separate product owners because product owner is just an administrative role. Product owners almost never have the skills to be a product manager.”
Cagan: Most agile coaches teaching product owners have never done product
“And those product owners are taught by agile coaches, most of which have never done product for a day in their life. All they know is process.”
Cagan: SAFe offers no value and is just repackaged waterfall
“And that's why you see, like you might look at something like safe and say, are these people fricking crazy? Are they nuts? There is no good there. It is just all, it's just repackaged waterfall.”
Cagan: Most B2B software is horrible due to sales-driven feature teams
“Well, my first answer is this is not an accident. Why most B to B software is such crap. It is horrible. And of course the ones that really stand out, they usually are not this way.”
Cagan: Mark Zuckerberg is very good at product
“Look, I I'm not the biggest fan of Meta, but Zuck is very good at product. Very good. That's sort of the problem in the world. He's so good at it.”
Cagan: AI will soon automate backlog administrators and feature team PMs
“If you are fundamentally a backlog administrator, good luck protecting that because already people are doing that. You know, it's only a matter of time before that becomes pretty well supported. So that is not a good job prospect. Now then we can talk about a …”
Cagan never invests in startups lacking a founder product leader
“I personally never invest in a startup unless at least one of the founders is a proven product leader.”
Cagan: Empowered Product Teams Fail Primarily Due to Incompetent PMs
“That is the single biggest area empowered teams fall down. The product manager is ill-equipped or a nice way of saying incompetent.”
Startup failure stems from inferior solutions, not a lack of demand
“The issue is rarely demand. The issue normally is the solution that you've come up with is not significantly better than the alternatives that are out there. And if it's not significantly better than the alternatives, people won't switch to your product.”
Startups need 50 to 100 attempts to reach product-market fit
“You will probably need to do between 50 and a hundred attempts before you get to product market fit.”
Product teams can validate or invalidate ideas within hours
“Most of the time we can figure out in hours that this is not right. Hours, sometimes minutes. In fact, it's not unusual to do a dozen iterations in a day.”
Qualitative research should find product flaws, not seek affirmation
“With qualitative feedback, your goal is to find all the things that are wrong with the product. So that's the difference. You're not looking for affirmation, which is what these, you know, naive founders are doing. They're not, you're not doing that. You're ac…”
Marty Cagan will not invest without a proven product leader co-founder
“I personally never invest in a startup unless at least one of the founders is a proven product leader.”
Using engineers only to code yields half their potential value
“If you're just using your engineers to code, you're only getting about half their value.”
Process-driven product leadership is a bigger issue in Europe than the US
“The problematic behaviors that you're describing, which by the way, you are spot on. And I hate to say this cause I absolutely love Europe, but it's a bigger problem in Europe than it is in the U S. And the re the reason is because so many of those people are …”
Feature teams operate as mercenaries, whereas empowered teams own outcomes
“In an empowered team, you are literally giving ownership responsibility to the team. And so that they build those skills. They build that confidence. They build those muscles in a feature team. They're literally just mercenaries doing what they're told.”
Cagan: Scaling companies lose innovation when sales and finance replace product leaders
“His argument was because as a company gets bigger, product historically became less important. The people in a company that would be That would be celebrated were marketing people, sales people, finance people. These are people that cause at, you know, if a co…”
Cagan: Only 20% of executive-mandated features generate a positive return
“In fact, we know at this point, only about 20% of those things will generate any kind of positive return.”
Cagan: Product teams must prioritize solution discovery over problem validation
“If you use, say, two weeks of just verifying the same thing the founder already knew, That founder is probably very frustrated at this point because you haven't even got to work on the solution and people don't buy the problem. They buy your solution. Obviousl…”
Cagan: Cancel user tests if product managers and designers cannot attend
“If the product manager and the designer are not available to be there during your product, their products test, cancel the test. They need to be there.”
Cagan: Empowered teams fail primarily due to ill-equipped product managers
“That is the single biggest area empowered teams fall down. The product manager is ill-equipped or a nice way of saying incompetent.”
Cagan: Scaling through leaders is the only way to achieve good outcomes
“And fundamentally there's two ways to scale. You can scale with process or you can scale with leaders. The only way I know that leads to good outcomes is scaling with leaders, but the easier, more appealing one to so many companies is scaling with process.”
Cagan: Product techniques almost do not matter for early-stage startup teams
“A lot of startups are dominated by the founder and the early people. And it almost doesn't matter what techniques they use. If they're good, it's amazing what they do.”
Cagan: Tech teams outside Silicon Valley bloated with unnecessary, ridiculous roles
“In a lot of companies. Especially outside of Silicon Valley, team size has just gotten out of hand. It's just gotten, I go into some companies and honestly, I can't believe all the ridiculous roles that they have.”
Cagan: Big companies will never return to fully co-located teams
“I don't think we're ever going to go back to the days of big companies having almost all co-located teams”
Cagan: PMs are needed only when teams are accountable for outcomes
“It's only when you sign up for an outcome that you have the needs for a product manager in the sense that I would say in the Silicon Valley sense, that's when you need a product manager, because if you've been asked to solve these problems, that means you have…”
Cagan: Product managers must be creators, not facilitators
“On a real empowered product team. Product manager is a creator, not a facilitator.”
Cagan: About 90% of online PM content promotes feature teams
“You look online, probably what? 90% of the content out there is from the feature team world or worst.”
Cagan: Team empowerment means leaders define bets and teams solve them
“Empowerment does not mean you set up this product team and they go decide what to work on. No, that would just be anarchy, right? You'd have 50 teams doing 50 things. Instead, empowerment means the leaders do their job, come up with the bets, and then the team…”
Cagan: Low-risk A/B tests are optimization, not true product discovery
“All they're doing is these low risk, simple experiments. They live behind the AB test of just doing like, we're going to change the call to action here and more, maybe more people will register that kind of test. Should they do that? Absolutely. Is that produc…”
Cagan: Product management shift driven by leadership quality, not interest rates
“I don't think it's tied to interest rates. I don't think it's tied to that. I think it's more tied to the quality of the leadership and the need of the business to do more than optimization.”
Cagan: Calling a company 'product-led' causes backlash as a power grab
“Some people use the term product led company or product driven company, but those two, we just don't like because It gives all the wrong message and the rest of the company thinks it's a power grab.”
Cagan: Product ops centered on process and governance is a red flag
“They focus on the whole phrase of process and governance. That's like a huge red flag. And I try to tell people if that's what you see run, don't walk away from that.”
Cagan: Founders must own product viability instead of hiring PMs too early
“If they're a real product manager and they're working about value and viability, that is the founder's job. So the founder should be doing that and needs to be doing that. And it usually causes conflict if they bring in a real product manager too soon. It's to…”
Cagan: Founders should act as product manager until reaching 25 engineers
“While it's small, you know, it usually is most useful just to look at the number of engineers at a certain number of engineers, usually like 20 to 25, it's a lot Better if the found co-founder is the product person for that.”
Cagan: Take-home tests for hiring product managers are ineffective
“I'm not a fan, by the way, of tests in terms of people will have these assignments. In my experience, they're not very indicative of what you're really looking for. And let me put it this way. I still haven't found that test that I think is any good.”