The Ledger

Every statement that passed quotation and attribution checks. Mix any filter with any other: certainty 1/5, debate potential 5/5, or both at once.

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Manchin: I Cannot Vote to Continue with Build Back Better
“If I can't go home and explain it to the people of West Virginia, I can't vote for it. And I cannot vote to continue with this piece of legislation. I just can't. I've tried everything humanly possible. I can't get there.”
Joe Manchin Jan 7, 2022 ▶ 3:41 Are Biden’s climate ambitions slipping away?
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Canary says Mast Reforestation buries dead trees to generate carbon credits
“So, we are taking fire-killed trees. So, these are trees that have been impacted by the bad fire, not the good fire. They're totally dead. They're a fuel risk. And they're, wow, there's a lot of acres of them. We're burying them, and that stores the carbon tha…”
Grant Canary Sep 9, 2026 ▶ 3:30 Burying trees to save forests?
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Jurowicz: Blue Energy will energize nuclear turbines early using natural gas
“We are gonna build half a nuclear plant. We're gonna build the whole nuclear balance of plant, the nuclear steam turbine system, and then we're gonna energize it early with the steam From two combustion gas turbines and their heat recovery steam generators. So…”
Jake Jurowicz Aug 12, 2026 ▶ 37:10 Did someone just figure out how to project finance nuclear?
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Paruri: Tandem PV secured 100% equipment financing for demonstration factory
“My understanding is that it's pretty unheard of, but we were able to get a hundred percent equipment financing for this demonstration factory. And so between that and venture debt, we were able to finance this 40 megawatt nameplate factory which is great.”
Saritha Paruri Jun 3, 2026 ▶ 27:40 The perovskite bet that could transform solar
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Microsoft claims the AI boom has not altered its carbon negative goals
“AI doesn't change our sustainability goals. We're still buying CDR in pursuit of our carbon negative goal. And the AI hasn't really changed that target for us. It just increased the importance of a net zero world still needs to be possible in it, despite the A…”
Phil Goodman Dec 12, 2025 ▶ 8:17 Inside Microsoft’s plan to remove 50 years of carbon emissions
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Madrone: Sunfolding took an unprofitable project to show revenue growth
“That was the one that was ready, and it was this big project on totally flat land where we're going to be losing a ton of money, and we had to make the decision, is it worth it to do something that doesn't Show off our value proposition that we're trying to se…”
Layla Madrone Feb 26, 2025 ▶ 24:19 How supply chain chaos sank Sunfolding
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Pfund: DBL passed on all hydrogen deals to invest in Tesla
“We didn't do any. We decided to go for batteries in electric vehicles, so we invested in Tesla.”
Nancy Pfund Oct 16, 2023 ▶ 37:45 Investors riff on the new era for climate investing
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Jaramillo: Form Energy targets roughly $20/kWh system costs
“The trick is building a device and delivering a system that keeps you as close to that entitled cost as possible, and for us, that will be roughly 20 dollars a kilowatt hour. We think we can go below that, but that, that's sort of the first target that we've g…”
Mateo Jaramillo Jul 12, 2023 ▶ 13:12 A groundbreaking battery nears industrial scale
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Francetic: Buoyant Ventures is generally bearish on carbon markets
“There was a company we talked to that I really liked and we didn't invest in because we are a Generally bearish about the carbon markets”
Amy Francetic Apr 12, 2023 ▶ 46:13 Live: How AI could supercharge climate tech
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Adams: LADWP plans to convert all in-basin generating stations to green hydrogen
“But our plan now is to move all those generating stations into green hydrogen, so we can have dispatchable power locally, but it burns clean.”
Marty Adams Mar 28, 2023 ▶ 10:30 Live: The most ambitious city energy transition in America
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Shah: Incompetent states are failing to apply for $4B in federal funds
“There are states that you think should be competent that aren't. Right. They are not applying for the money that we have. And we will literally say to them, here is the 14 step process you should follow to use this because you only have two hundred million dol…”
Jigar Shah Jan 19, 2023 ▶ 23:47 The make-or-break moment for America’s energy transition
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Canary says Mast abandoned drone seeding due to seed constraints and inconsistency
“Seed constraint was such a hard constraint, and we'd spent two to three years also with the seed vessel, and like, really dialing that into the Have less variability and more consistency was going to be a challenge and so having spent a number of years on the …”
Grant Canary Sep 9, 2026 ▶ 32:23 Burying trees to save forests?
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Dennett: Endolith deliberately avoids corporate VC investors on its cap table
“We, not having CVCs on our cap table has been a deliberate structural choice.”
Liz Dennett Aug 26, 2026 ▶ 32:17 The microbial solution to our massive copper shortfall
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Jurowicz: Blue Energy cannot deliver 1 GW capacity by 2027-2028
“Some of these hyperscalers are, like, laser focused on, like, twenty-twenty-seven, twenty-twenty-eight, and, like, there's no world in which we're going to provide a gigawatt capacity that quickly at least using this kind of technology.”
Jake Jurowicz Aug 12, 2026 ▶ 46:05 Did someone just figure out how to project finance nuclear?
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Jaramillo: Form Energy is targeting a $20/kWh all-in system cost
“The goal, as we said, from the very beginning of the company, we always were targeting something that would be 20 dollars a kilowatt hour all in at the system level. And that we feel is still very much the entitlement there that we're headed towards.”
Mateo Jaramillo Jul 1, 2026 ▶ 6:18 Form Energy's manufacturing breakthrough
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Microsoft targets a 50-50 portfolio split for low and high-durability removals
“And so for 2030, for us to meet our goals and for us to build a high quality carbon removal market, we've been targeting for about half of the portfolio to be low durability and half to be medium and high.”
Phil Goodman Dec 12, 2025 ▶ 28:31 Inside Microsoft’s plan to remove 50 years of carbon emissions
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Carneiro: Boston Metal is developing zero-emission electrolytic steelmaking technology
“Well, we are developing a technology that will eliminate all these emissions. No carbon involved at all as a reducing agent, so we use electricity instead, and therefore if the electricity is clean, you take care of scope one and scope two in manufacturing ste…”
Tadeu Carneiro Nov 7, 2025 ▶ 1:33 Boston Metal’s path to carbon-free steel
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Kairos plans to deliver 500 MW to Google across seven nuclear reactors
“When we look at the 500 megawatt total capacity for Google we're looking at kind of the 50 megawatts, ah, on the Hermes II side, and then we're looking at basically six more reactors to deliver at 75 megawatts each as kind of an evolution of that that initial …”
Mike Laufer Sep 24, 2025 ▶ 42:17 Shortening the nuclear development cycle from decades to years
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Garabedian: Electric Hydrogen funded hardware demos almost entirely with VC
“This is almost all venture financing. So we raised quite a bit of money from the venture community thankfully at a time when again there was a lot of interest in green hydrogen which gave us the ability to self-finance and move very, very quickly.”
Rafi Garabedian Mar 12, 2025 ▶ 10:12 Electric Hydrogen’s bet on supersized electrolyzers
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Sunfolding single-sourced its core polymer, ignoring government partner warnings
“Throughout Sunfolding, even from the beginning when we were working with the government, they were like, don't you need two different materials so that in case something happens with the one, you'll have something to fall back on? And we said, sure, when we ha…”
Layla Madrone Feb 26, 2025 ▶ 26:35 How supply chain chaos sank Sunfolding
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Dave: Via Separations acted as its own general contractor
“Well, we decided to be our own general contractor so that we could stay very close to the engineering, the EPC, the engineering procurement and construction phases of the project.”
Shreya Dave Nov 27, 2024 ▶ 14:03 The risk of scaling 100x
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Woolard: BrightSource leadership concluded CSP was no longer competitive in 2012
“That's when we basically said, we can no longer win game. We are no longer competitive. And that was a different message. We'd said, well, maybe you could, and you could sell in different attributes. But at that point, we said, this is no longer a competitive …”
John Woolard Nov 13, 2024 ▶ 22:49 Why concentrated solar couldn’t compete
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Cook: Apple sees autonomous systems as the mother of all AI projects
“There is a major disruption looming there. What we've talked about focusing on publicly is we're focusing on autonomous systems, and, ah, clearly one purpose of autonomous systems is self-driving cars. There are others, ah, and we sort of see it as the mother …”
Tim Cook Mar 28, 2024 ▶ 2:46 Inside Apple’s failed car program
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Microsoft pledges to remove data center diesel backup generators by 2030
“When we look out to 2030 we are committed to being carbon-free as a company, to removing diesel gensets from as a backup power source to our data centers, which by the way means we need a really, really, really reliable grid globally, like everywhere, and so w…”
Hannah Green Nov 7, 2023 ▶ 26:20 For Microsoft, AI is an ‘unlock’ for decarbonization
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Jaramillo: Form Energy's $750M plant will produce 50 GWh annually
“That three quarters of a billion dollars, in the end, that should deliver a factory that produces about 500 megawatts per year which for us, these are hundred hour rated duration batteries, so so it can provide its rated power for a hundred hours, which means …”
Mateo Jaramillo Jul 12, 2023 ▶ 11:43 A groundbreaking battery nears industrial scale
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Adams: LADWP to transition Intermountain Power Project to 100% green hydrogen
“That plan now is to transition that gas plant from an initial blend of gas and about 30% green hydrogen. That's green hydrogen created by electrolysis and stored locally. Using those local water source, excess renewables, and there's ability to store it in sal…”
Marty Adams Mar 28, 2023 ▶ 8:17 Live: The most ambitious city energy transition in America
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Intscher-Owrang: SimpliFiber had 100% of cash at Silicon Valley Bank
“A hundred percent of our cash up until very recently was with Silicon Valley Bank.”
Maria Intscher-Owrang Mar 20, 2023 ▶ 0:58 A bank collapse threatens climate startups
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Canary says Mast faced severe difficulty selling subsequent ex-ante carbon credits
“We sold out our first project with what are called anti-credits, or credits that take carbon in the and how much carbon they will capture in the future into account and then our subsequent projects what was the buyer feedback? What's the customer feedback? Lik…”
Grant Canary Sep 9, 2026 ▶ 33:24 Burying trees to save forests?
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Dennett: Endolith avoids genetic engineering in mineral extraction platform
“We are not genetically engineering microbes. We are using communities that already exist, and we essentially run them through, like, an Olympic training boot camp or techniques that are adjacent to something called adaptive laboratory evolution, where”
Liz Dennett Aug 26, 2026 ▶ 8:06 The microbial solution to our massive copper shortfall
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Jurowicz: Blue Energy is exploring the development of an automated SMR factory
“We are currently in the process of looking at what it would take to make the first fully automated well, kind of called the first SMR factory, so to really strip out a lot of the manual labor that goes into building the civil structure of the plant.”
Jake Jurowicz Aug 12, 2026 ▶ 47:17 Did someone just figure out how to project finance nuclear?
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Gershenson: Enduring Planet ignores signed term sheets until capital is deposited
“We don't take fundraising risk. Like, we just don't. So if a company is like, well, we're working on our seed round, we have interest, I'm like, yeah, great. Even if you have a signed term sheet, we don't care. Like, until the money is in the door, we don't co…”
Dimitri Gershenson Jul 29, 2026 ▶ 30:49 The missing capital for climate startups: more debt
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Enduring Planet expanded to commercial lending anticipating the Trump administration
“And then we also, kind of, in anticipation of the Trump administration, we expanded to lending its commercial contracts as well”
Dimitri Gershenson Jul 29, 2026 ▶ 39:35 The missing capital for climate startups: more debt
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Pinkowski: Nitricity must cut costs by 10x to compete with conventional fertilizer
“And so to get there, we need to bring down our costs by about a factor of 10.”
Nico Pinkowski Jul 15, 2026 ▶ 37:48 The ‘brutal reality’ of scaling low-carbon fertilizer
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Pinkowski: Nitricity needs up to $300M to disrupt conventional fertilizer markets
“Accelerate our transition into the conventional fertilizer marketplace. We can do it. A hundred million would let us, would yeah, we know how. It would require a fair amount of capital, and we could do it with three hundred million, and we could show that it's…”
Nico Pinkowski Jul 15, 2026 ▶ 41:01 The ‘brutal reality’ of scaling low-carbon fertilizer
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Paruri: Tandem PV's market beachhead is utility-scale solar
“Utility scale is where we're going. That's the beachhead, and probably where we may just stay.”
Saritha Paruri Jun 3, 2026 ▶ 15:57 The perovskite bet that could transform solar
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Supercool Earth's formulation contains only protein and no living cells
“One distinction, too, is that our formulation is protein only. It doesn't contain any bacteria or anything or fungal cells in it, and so proteins are made by microbes, and they, in order to persist in the environment, the proteins need the microbes around to b…”
Dacia Leone May 20, 2026 ▶ 31:55 How Supercool Earth's microbes could ease the water crisis
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Ormat Technologies will license Sage's tech for energy storage and generation
“So they actually will license our technology for both storage and for geothermal power generation, which will allow them to grow as a company.”
Cindy Taff Dec 17, 2025 ▶ 32:40 Sage Geosystems' bet on underground energy storage
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Microsoft mandates strict biomass sourcing rules for bioenergy carbon removal feedstocks
“So one thing that we focused on quite a bit is ensuring we have a broad set of biomass sourcing principles that we worked on with Carbon Direct and is available on our website that identify, okay, we need to make sure that those sources of wood products are tr…”
Phil Goodman Dec 12, 2025 ▶ 13:45 Inside Microsoft’s plan to remove 50 years of carbon emissions
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Microsoft offers short-term contracts for early-stage carbon removal projects
“We vary our contracting in two big ways. So if the project's ready for scale, we will work through a long-term off-tick agreement that's modeled off a PPA. If the project is not ready for scale yet... We'll sign a shorter form agreement.”
Phil Goodman Dec 12, 2025 ▶ 23:30 Inside Microsoft’s plan to remove 50 years of carbon emissions
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Microsoft agrees to purchase 8 million tons of carbon from Chestnut Carbon
“We signed a deal to purchase, I believe, eight million tons of carbon removal from them over a period of time, and they know finance very well.”
Phil Goodman Dec 12, 2025 ▶ 25:40 Inside Microsoft’s plan to remove 50 years of carbon emissions
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Microsoft evaluates 250 carbon removal applications annually and considers 100 projects
“We see about 250 applications per year, and mostly from, it is probably from 200 plus suppliers, and we're seriously considering over a hundred projects right now in our pipeline.”
Phil Goodman Dec 12, 2025 ▶ 30:36 Inside Microsoft’s plan to remove 50 years of carbon emissions
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Captura's direct ocean capture system runs on intermittent or curtailed energy
“Direct air capture typically requires a continuous level of power. We've designed our system to work with very intermittent and even curtailed energy for the majority, if not potentially all, of our energy use.”
Steve Oldham Nov 19, 2025 ▶ 6:34 Captura's high-stakes gamble
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Boston Metal cap table includes BHP, Vale, ArcelorMittal, Aramco, and Microsoft
“We have lots of giants in in our cup table today. So, you know, the largest mining company in the world, BHP, the largest supplier of iron ore, Vale from Brazil, the largest international steelmaking company, ArcelorMittal. Then you have Saudi Aramco, you have…”
Tadeu Carneiro Nov 7, 2025 ▶ 20:36 Boston Metal’s path to carbon-free steel
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Promethean targets tier three to six Indian towns that Nestlé ignores
“We're working in kind of tier three to six towns, which are really more impoverished towns that Nestle would never enter into. Because it's too small, but it's the fastest growing market, and we're small enough and nimble enough to be able to really be success…”
Sam White Oct 22, 2025 ▶ 20:28 The thermal battery transforming cold storage for India’s dairy farmers
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Promethean secured flexible financing via 4% revenue share from donor-advised funds
“The structure is that we pay it back. We pay four percent of our revenue back only when that revenue comes in, and the time horizon is, is quite flexible because it's impact invested, and not all of your guests have that luxury because they're primarily focuse…”
Sam White Oct 22, 2025 ▶ 25:24 The thermal battery transforming cold storage for India’s dairy farmers
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Google buys clean energy attributes while TVA gets electricity from Kairos
“We have a really exciting announcement that we just had with TVA and Google that, that kind of puts together a novel commercial arrangement around this new evolution of the plant itself, and so it really is kind of a novel structure that allows all three parti…”
Mike Laufer Sep 24, 2025 ▶ 41:12 Shortening the nuclear development cycle from decades to years
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Hickenlooper hosted dinners with Rio Tinto's CEO and environmental leaders
“So that's one place where, you know, I've done dinners at my house where I had the CEO of Rio Tinto and some of the largest mining companies sitting with the CEOs of a couple of the largest nonprofit environmental communities, just describing, don't we have an…”
John Hickenlooper Aug 27, 2025 ▶ 28:46 John Hickenlooper’s optimism in the face of opposition
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Graphitic Energy will own and operate its first commercial facility
“Yeah, I think we had to make the decision as a company that we were going to own and operate that first facility because we had some LOIs on the licensing side, and we spent a lot of time having conversations about, well, somebody else is going to go build thi…”
Zach Jones Aug 13, 2025 ▶ 31:43 The rogue idea that saved a hydrogen startup
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