Protein Structure
topic on 3 shows · 5 statements across 3 episodes
the Y Combinator Startup Podcast 
Latent Space 
the a16z Podcast
5 statements about Protein Structure, every show
Rives: Sequence diversity teaches models structure while small variations teach function
“Having a vast diversity of sequences across a wide range of protein families is, you know, really critical for the emergence of this kind of structure Prediction capability, because I think kind of large diversity is what trains the model to understand, to dev…”
Jumper: About 200,000 protein structures are known, growing by 12,000 annually
“About 200,000 protein structures are known. They pretty regularly increase at about 12,000 a year.”
Jumper: Protein sequence discovery outpaces structure determination by 3,000 times
“So billions of protein sequences are being discovered. About 3000 times faster are we learning about protein sequence than protein structure.”
Jumper: Experimental protein structure determination takes 1-2 years and $100K
“The green is the experimental structure that took someone a year or two of effort. If you want to put an economic value on it, on the order of a 100,000 dollars”
Ganguli: ESMFold proves language models can learn protein structure from sequences
“I was actually really impressed by ESM fold, this average scale modeling where you could kind of do the same thing that you do for language, but do it for sequences. And then you learn representations that know about the structure of proteins.”