The Ledger
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LLMs invert historical tech diffusion by reaching consumers before enterprise
“LLMs, like, flip, they flip the direction of technology diffusion, ah, that is usually, ah, present in technology. So, for example, with electricity, cryptography, computing, flight, internet, GPS, lots of new transformative technologies that have not been aro…”
Waymo autonomous vehicles still rely heavily on human teleoperation
“Like, you may see Waymo's going around, and they look driverless, but, you know, there's still a lot of teleoperation and a lot of human in the loop of a lot of this driving.”
2025 is not the year of AI agents, it is the decade
“When I see things like, oh, twenty-twenty-five is the year of agents, I get very concerned, and I kind of feel like, you know, this is the decade of agents, and this is going to be quite some time. We need humans in the loop.”
Developers should build Iron Man suits, not fully autonomous robots
“Working with valuable LLMs and so on, I would say, you know, it's less Iron Man robots and more Iron Man suits that you want to build. It's less like building flashy demos of autonomous agents and more building partial autonomy products”
LLMs establish Software 3.0 where natural language prompts are programs
“And I think what's changed, and I think is a quite fundamental change, is that neural networks became programmable. With large language models. And so I see this as quite new, unique. It's a new kind of a computer. And so in my mind, it's worth giving it a new…”
LLMs function as CPUs and operating systems orchestrating context memory
“LLMs are kind of like a new operating system, right? So, the LLM is a new kind of a computer. It's setting, it's kind of like the CPU equivalent. The context windows are kind of like the memory, and then the LLM is orchestrating memory and compute for problem …”
Mac Minis are uniquely suited for batch-one local LLM inference
“Mac minis, for example, are a very good fit for some of the LLMs, because it's all, if you're doing batch one inference, this is all super memory bound, so this actually works.”
Continuous knowledge consolidation remains unsolved in LLM research and development
“LLMs don't natively do this, and this is not something that has really been solved in the R&D of LLMs, I think. And so context windows are really kind of like working memory, and you have to sort of program the working memory quite directly because they don't …”
AI handles generation while human productivity bottlenecks on verification speed
“We're now kind of like cooperating with AIs, and usually they are doing the generation, and we as humans are doing the verification. It is in our interest to make this loop go as fast as possible, so we're getting a lot of work done.”
Generating code is easy; DevOps and deployment are the true bottleneck
“The code of the Vibe coding part, the code was actually the easy part of Vibe coding Menugen, and most of it actually was when I tried to make it real so that you can actually have authentication and payments and the domain name and the virtual deployment. Thi…”
Tesla Autopilot neural networks systematically replaced explicit C++ code
“As we made the autopilot better, basically the neural network grew in capability and size, and in addition to that, all the C++ code was being deleted and kind of like was And a lot of the kind of capabilities and functionality that was originally written in o…”
Modern LLM cloud infrastructure mirrors 1960s mainframe time-sharing
“We're kind of like in this 19 sixties-ish era where LLM compute is still very expensive for this new kind of a computer, and that forces the LLMs to be centralized in the cloud, and we're all just sort of thin clients that interact with it over the network, an…”
LLMs display jagged intelligence with superhuman skill alongside basic errors
“They display jagged intelligence, so they're going to be superhuman in some problem-solving domains, and then they're going to make mistakes that basically no human will make, like, you know, they will insist that 9.11 is greater than 9.9, or that there are tw…”
Vibe coding will become a gateway drug to software development
“I think this will end up being like a gateway drug to software development.”
Hugging Face is the GitHub of the Software 2.0 era
“And now actually what we have is kind of like an equivalent of GitHub in the realm of software two point oh, and I think the hugging face is basically equivalent of GitHub in software two point oh, and there's also model Atlas, and you can visualize all the co…”