The Ledger
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Yao: Anode-free sodium-ion battery cells could reach $40 to $50/kWh
“An anode-free sodium ion cell is one of the most competitive technologies out prices out there, because you don't have a negative electrode material that, that adds to cost, as well as the ability to really increase energy density. Those numbers can get to pot…”
Yao: CATL's CEO projects sodium-ion taking half of the LFP market
“Robin Zhang, the chairman and CEO of CATL, announced basically last November that he expects Sodium Mines to take up to half of LFP's market share.”
Yao: LFP battery cell prices have fallen below $50 per kWh
“So, so current prices for LFP are basically at, I think it was reported to be about 56 dollars per kilowatt hour in the middle of last year. I think that number is down to maybe forty-something, sub-fifty now.”
Yao: Lithium-ion battery material costs could hit a $35/kWh floor
“If I model out the price floor, basically, Bill of materials only. Take out manufacturing costs. I can see a world in which we get to 35, I can see a world in which we can be at 35 today. 35 dollars per kilowatt hour.”
Yao: Sodium-ion battery cell costs remain above $80 per kWh
“For sodium ion, it's still my understanding to be above 80 dollars per kilowatt hour for the NFM type chemistries, the layered oxide chemistries, and because of the further energy density penalty that you have with Some of the pyrophosphate materials my unders…”
Yao: Over 93% of battery-grade graphite comes from China
“Over 93% of the world's batter-grade graphite comes out of China.”
Yao: LFP batteries make up almost 100% of new grid storage installations
“They are safer and cheaper and so they're widely adopted for basically standard range vehicles or almost a hundred percent of new grid scale kind of battery energy storage installations today.”
Yao: Sodium-ion replaces copper with cheaper aluminum current collectors
“Where the substrate metal foil that the negative bread is attached to, usually in lithium ion, has to be copper. In sodium ion, it can be aluminum, and that's lighter, it's cheaper it has some other benefits that we can get into later, but apart from all of th…”
Yao: Soda ash costs $200/ton compared to lithium at $10,000/ton
“Sodium carbonate, soda ash, is basically like 200 dollars per ton as opposed to where lithium mine sits right now, 10,000 dollars per ton. But in the height of twenty-twenty-two, lithium was at basically 60 to maybe some cases 80,000 dollars per ton.”
Yao: China processes most lithium but lacks domestic reserves
“China, despite processing the world's, majority of the world's lithium into lithium carbonate, doesn't actually have lithium reserves within its borders. I mean, that mostly is in Australia and the Northern Tri- the Northern Triangle in South America.”