The Ledger

Every statement that passed quotation and attribution checks. Mix any filter with any other: certainty 1/5, debate potential 5/5, or both at once.

clear all ✕

why aren't all 31 resolved? a statement only gets an assessment when the public record can support or contradict it. opinions and what-ifs never can, and 0 checkable ones are still open, waiting for their date. predictions held up or didn't; assertions are supported or contradicted. on every card: ▮▮▮▮▮ certainty · ▮▮▮▮▮ debate potential. speakers are clickable

Assertion Supported
Keith Rabois says Vinod Khosla intervened to stop Sam Altman joining Microsoft
“Or like, yeah, for like, 24 hours until Vinod and some other friends intervened a fair amount.”
Keith Rabois Oct 16, 2025 ▶ 24:05 Keith Rabois: Israel, OpenAI, Opendoor, and DOGE
Prediction Held up
Wilson: Cloud market will split to Amazon 60%, Google 30%, Microsoft 10%
“But I think it could be like Amazon has 60% of the market, Google has 30% of the market, and Microsoft has 10% of the market. I think it's gonna be a three player game in that business, and that's good.”
Fred Wilson Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 19:34 a16z Podcast | Technological Trends, Capital, and Internet 'Disruption'
Assertion Supported
Alex Rampell: Microsoft never restricted Windows software like Apple restricts iOS
“Microsoft, in my opinion, never really They never did the same amount of control. Like, they never said, hey, this software product cannot be downloaded onto your Windows PC.”
Alex Rampell Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 23:26 a16z Podcast | Fintech Revolution or Evolution?
Assertion Supported
Horowitz: Microsoft beat Google in cloud productivity due to enterprise culture
“Google, like had, they built Google Apps, like what, like five years before Microsoft really got going with Office three 65, and Microsoft ran right by them. Why? Because there was no enterprise culture in Google, none.”
Ben Horowitz Jul 16, 2017 ▶ 25:50 Culture and Revolution
Assertion Supported
Epoch AI: Microsoft's Mount Pleasant data center will consume half NYC's power
“The one we found that's actually seriously underway and has permits and is, you know, setting up the electrical infrastructure for is one by Microsoft, which is going to be used by OpenAI, at least in part in Mount Pleasant. They're calling it Microsoft Fairwa…”
Epoch AI Researcher Nov 24, 2025 ▶ 51:30 The 2045 Superintelligence Timeline: Epoch AI’s Data-Driven Forecast
Assertion Supported
Casado: Early AI coding tools reached $400M to $600M in ARR
“The first kind of monetized AI app was code, right? It was Copilot, and so Microsoft had invested a ton of money and matured the market with Copilot, with VS Code, and so everybody knew it. It's just, like, the models weren't quite ready then, and so you had, …”
Martin Casado Aug 22, 2025 ▶ 12:36 The State of AI: Growth, Fragmentation, and the Next Wave
Assertion Supported
Hicks: DoD R&D budget exceeds Alphabet, Apple, Meta, Microsoft combined
“It's more than what Alphabet, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft combined spent on R&D last year.”
Kathleen Hicks Mar 5, 2024 ▶ 4:16 Collaborative Disruption at DoD
Assertion Supported
Forsgren: Only one-third of well-designed Microsoft features deliver customer value
“Even companies like Microsoft, where they are very good at understanding what their customer base looks like. They have a very mature product line. Ronnie Kahavi has done studies there, and only about one third of the well-designed features deliver value.”
Dr. Nicole Forsgren Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 7:25 a16z Podcast | Feedback Loops -- Company Culture, Change, and DevOps
Assertion Supported
Chokshi: Microsoft has more GitHub commits than any other company
“The most interesting thing I saw this past week is this stat that Microsoft now has more commits to GitHub than any other company. And can you just think about that for a moment? Like Microsoft on GitHub.”
Sonal Chokshi Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 10:37 a16z Podcast | A New Lab Rises
Assertion Supported
Microsoft search logs revealed unreported side effects of combining common drugs
“In a collaboration with Microsoft, we looked at what people who were on, well, we don't know if they were on these drugs. We just looked at search logs and said, how often do people type in these two drugs and words that might be associated with the symptoms o…”
Russ Altman Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 10:47 a16z Podcast | The Genetics Of Drug Delivery
Assertion Supported
Markoff: 25% of Microsoft's Xiaoice chatbot users told it "I love you"
“25% of the Zhao Ice users have said, I love you, to the program.”
John Markoff Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 25:41 a16z Podcast | Talking Humans and Machines with NYT’s John Markoff
Assertion Supported
Evans: Apple outsold Microsoft-Nokia's total handset volume in Q4 2014
“Apple sold more phones than Nokia. I mean, the Nokia, you know, this is still Microsoft, because Nokia did, Nokia Microsoft did ten million numis and forty million feature phones. Right. Apple did seventy-five million smartphones.”
Benedict Evans Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 6:35 a16z Podcast | Mobile is Eating the World (and Apple is Gobbling Fastest)
Assertion Supported
Evans: Microsoft's share of connected device sales plummeted from 90% to 20%
“Microsoft's share of connected devices has gone down from 80 or 90% to perhaps 50 to 20% of the devices being sold.”
Benedict Evans Jul 15, 2017 ▶ 6:09 Mobile Is Eating the World, 2015
Assertion Supported
Evans: Microsoft's share of connected computing devices fell below 25%
“The other company that's been affected here, of course, is Microsoft, which has gone from selling the vast majority of connected computing devices to under a quarter, simply because there are so many more phones out there than there are PCs.”
Benedict Evans Jul 15, 2017 ▶ 5:56 Mobile Is Eating the World, 2014
Assertion Supported
Evans: Big Tech produces more profits than the entire telecoms industry
“You have a pretty safe bet that Google, Meta, Amazon Microsoft, Apple produce more profits than the entire telecoms industry.”
Benedict Evans Jun 8, 2026 ▶ 56:37 The Economics of AI Usage and What's Next For SaaS | Benedict Evans on a16z
Assertion Supported
Andreessen: Microsoft's Phi model competes with larger LLMs using curated data
“Microsoft released their five small language model yesterday, and apparently, apparently it's like, it's competitive. It's a very small model competitive with much larger models. And the big thing they say that they did was they basically optimized the trainin…”
Marc Andreessen May 9, 2024 ▶ 19:48 Build Your Startup With AI
Assertion Supported
Ulevitch: Microsoft formed dedicated nuclear energy procurement teams
“And then companies like Microsoft have spun up nuclear teams, nuclear energy teams to figure out how do they procure energy that comes from a nuclear power plant.”
David Ulevitch Mar 18, 2024 ▶ 21:13 A Nuclear Comeback: Are New Reactors the Answer?
Assertion Supported
Lai: Mobile gaming was won by new startups, not legacy publishers
“The winners in mobile games were largely new companies Supercell, King, Zynga, and not the PC console and companies, right? It wasn't Electronic Arts or Activision or Microsoft.”
Jonathan Lai Dec 16, 2023 ▶ 13:58 2024 Big Ideas: AI-First Games That Never End with Jonathan Lai
Assertion Supported
Casado: JPMorgan spends $600M and Microsoft spends over $1B on cybersecurity
“So for example, JPMorgan Chase alone will estimate about six hundred million dollars in cybersecurity. And Microsoft will spend over a billion dollars in security.”
Martin Casado Feb 20, 2020 ▶ 2:04 The Latest in Cyber Attacks
Assertion Supported
Arthur: Early Contracts Allowed Microsoft to Lock In 1980s PC Software
“Microsoft got ahead with certain contracts very early in the game. They locked in a lot of the personal software in the 19 eighties.”
W. Brian Arthur Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 6:24 a16z Podcast | Network Effects, Origin Stories, and the Evolution of Tech
Assertion Supported
Boneh: Big tech security teams possess the authority to delay product launches
“In big companies like Microsoft, Apple, Google security teams in fact are involved in the process from the design phase, which is really important. And then if a product is about to ship out and a security, the security team discovers a big vulnerability, they…”
Dan Boneh Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 37:23 a16z Podcast | Crypto, Security, CS, Quantum Computing, and More with Our New Professor-in-Residence
Assertion Supported
Markoff: Microsoft's Chinese AI chatbot Xiaoice reached 10 million intense daily users
“They've gotten twenty million users. Ten million of them are intense users who have multiple conversations within a day”
John Markoff Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 25:21 a16z Podcast | Talking Humans and Machines with NYT’s John Markoff
Assertion Supported
Sinofsky: Clippy had only ~30 animations due to floppy disk space constraints
“Plus we could only have like, you know, 30 different little animations, like types of things like here's waving or smiling or looking, thinking or whatever. And each one can only have a few frames. Right. Because we had to fit on the floppies.”
Steven Sinofsky Apr 27, 2019 ▶ 33:09 Clippy: The Unauthorized Biography
Assertion Supported
Ehrensvärd: Mozilla and Microsoft are adding native hardware security key support
“Google was the first. Mozilla is coming on board. Microsoft is coming on board.”
Stina Ehrensvärd Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 16:15 a16z Podcast | The Hard Things about Security
Assertion Supported
Spisak: Microsoft has shifted its strategy from mobile-first to AI-first
“And Microsoft has switched from a mobile first over to an AI first now as well.”
Joe Spisak Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 2:09 a16z Podcast | AI, from 'Toy' Problems to Practical Application
Assertion Supported
Harris: Negotiating mobile privacy standards with tech platforms avoided regulation
“Over the course of six months, we worked out, I think, an all too rare example of government and industry coming together to solve a problem. Short of regulation or litigation or legislation. And what we did is we came up with an understanding that would, that…”
Kamala Harris Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 8:02 a16z Podcast | Taking the Measure of Tech in Policy -- with Kamala Harris
Assertion Supported
Hobson: Microsoft's valuation multiple once dropped to 10x earnings
“Microsoft was in that from an earnings, from a P ratio, absolutely, I think got down to 10 times.”
Mellody Hobson Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 13:54 a16z Podcast | Mellody Hobson and Ben Horowitz Talk Investing, Career, and Star Wars!
Assertion Supported
Zetter: Microsoft uses civil lawsuits to dismantle botnets and malicious IP infrastructure
“We've seen this a couple of times with Microsoft, where they've gone to, ah, they filed a civil action court in order to get certain IP addresses or hosting companies taken down in order to control botnets and other malicious activities that's sort of, ah, con…”
Kim Zetter Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 22:59 a16z Podcast | How Hacks Happen (Let’s Just Say Mistakes Have Been Made)
Assertion Supported
Evans: Tech giants occupy the top five spots by market valuation
“Today, Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, and yes, Microsoft are all the five, are the five biggest companies on the stock exchange.”
Benedict Evans Jul 15, 2017 ▶ 3:26 Mobile Is Eating the World, 2016
Assertion Supported
Microsoft adopted Chris Ré's Hogwild algorithm for its Project Atom
“A while ago, last year, Microsoft released their Project Atom, and they had a great demo where they were showing they were releasing, you know, recognizing Shih Tzus with Windows phones. Using deep learning. And the reason I will love Microsoft forever is the …”
Chris Ré Jul 15, 2017 ▶ 19:39 Chris Re
Assertion Supported
Microsoft used costume actors and Flash animations to publicly retire Clippy
“Lisa Gurry on the office marketing team, like, had this, like, let's really go crazy. Yeah. And, like, actually, Like, have a retirement party, and so we went, we flew down to San Francisco, we met with the press to tell them this, and then at one point we jus…”
Steven Sinofsky Apr 27, 2019 ▶ 57:13 Clippy: The Unauthorized Biography
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