Astro Teller, Captain of Moonshots at Alphabet's X, shares how the Moonshot Factory rigorously validated and ultimately terminated an internal nuclear fusion effort.
“We closed this down about a year and a half ago. We had a fusion project. We ran it. We did build something the size of a house. We did almost a thousand plasma shots. We convinced ourself it was not going to change the world. And we closed the project down”
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More from Astro Teller
Opinion
Teller: Remote work hurts creativity, creates silos, and reduces hard work
“And so far I've seen no evidence that we can be at our creative best when we're remote from each other. I think people work somewhat less hard, but they also work in much more siloed ways.”
Astro TellerJul 13, 2026▶ 41:12Tries 1,000 ideas & kills most—how X built Waymo & Google Brain | X (Alphabet) · PMF Show
Disclosure
Teller: X bans employees from discussing who originated an idea
“We've literally don't track whose idea it was.
We don't let people talk about who founded the idea.”
Astro TellerJul 13, 2026▶ 13:07Tries 1,000 ideas & kills most—how X built Waymo & Google Brain | X (Alphabet) · PMF Show
Insight
Astro Teller: Innovation alpha comes from efficient discovery, not generating ideas
“Ideas are trivially easy.
We have a thousand ideas a year that many of them just don't even get code names.
Ideas are not the hard part.
Our alpha comes from how efficiently we can discover which ideas are valuable.”
Astro TellerJul 13, 2026▶ 13:22Tries 1,000 ideas & kills most—how X built Waymo & Google Brain | X (Alphabet) · PMF Show
Opinion
Teller: Google Glass was too early, but the core thesis was right
“Google glass. Turns out we were too, too early there, but increasingly it's looking like we were very right. The whole world has come back around to that. But when we made it, we were trying to figure out, we have a sense that people want to get away from thei…”
Astro TellerJul 13, 2026▶ 22:17Tries 1,000 ideas & kills most—how X built Waymo & Google Brain | X (Alphabet) · PMF Show
Insight
Teller: De-risk the hardest element before building supporting infrastructure
“In this extreme situation, we can see that if you built the pedestal, you're half done, but you're really zero percent done at burning down the risk.
[1649] Pablo Srugo: That's right.
[1650] Astro Teller: The point of a testable hypothesis, especially at X, …”
Astro TellerJul 13, 2026▶ 27:20Tries 1,000 ideas & kills most—how X built Waymo & Google Brain | X (Alphabet) · PMF Show
Insight
Astro Teller: Standard product-market fit rarely changes complex global systems
“Finding some little thing that people will buy, which in some sense is a product market fit actually doesn't have a very good chance of changing the system. If our real goal is to fix the system, then we have to figure out a much more complex set of things.”
Astro TellerJul 13, 2026▶ 33:23Tries 1,000 ideas & kills most—how X built Waymo & Google Brain | X (Alphabet) · PMF Show
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