The Ledger
Every statement that passed quotation and attribution checks. Mix any filter with any other: certainty 1/5, debate potential 5/5, or both at once.
why aren't all 8 resolved? a statement only gets an assessment when the public record can support or contradict it. opinions and what-ifs never can, and 0 checkable ones are still open, waiting for their date. predictions held up or didn't; assertions are supported or contradicted. on every card: ▮▮▮▮▮ certainty · ▮▮▮▮▮ debate potential. speakers are clickable
Visioni: IMO 2020 sulfur cuts added roughly 0.05°C of global warming
“There's a few course estimates that, just based on Earth's sensitivity, say, suggested, says probably Alf, a 10th of a degree overall of increased warming.”
Visioni: IPCC estimates surface aerosols masked 0.3 to 0.4°C of warming
“Right now, the IPCC estimates that aerosol emissions from the surface have probably hidden a small fraction of the overall global warming, probably 0.3 to 0.4 Celsius. Whereas Pinatubo itself, just by that outburst of that tiny fraction of sulfate compared to …”
Visioni: Decades of literature showed shipping emissions brightened ocean clouds
“There was a very strong suggestion in the literature for decades about the fact that shipping, ah, was making clouds brighter. Burning from shipping was making clouds brighter, especially over the North Atlantic and in general over the oceans.”
Visioni: IMO 2020 cut shipping sulfate emissions by 7-8 megatons
“But so we, the estimate for now is that there was probably a reduction of around seven to eight megatons of sulfate emitted less from shipping. That's 10% of the overall emissions right now of sulfate from the whole world, from anthropogenic emissions.”
Visioni: North Atlantic clouds were the perfect target for aerosol brightening
“The ones in the North Atlantic, the clouds in the North Atlantic, tended to be the perfect target where these aerosols would reduce the size, and there were a lot of them. There were a lot of shipping tracks.”
Visioni: Mount Pinatubo injected 10 to 20 megatons of stratospheric sulfate
“Pinatubo happened in 1991. It released anywhere between 10 and 20 teragrams. That's megatons. So that's a million of tons of sulfate in the stratosphere. We called that a big number, but it just released it once, and it had an effect for a couple of years, and…”
Visioni: Global bodies like White House and UN published geoengineering reports
“In the last year, there's been a lot of advances in bringing the conversation around geoengineering to a more global public, right? There's been plenty of reports from very influential places. The White House has had a report, the OSTP, the Office of Science, …”
Visioni: Major 20th-century volcanic eruptions measurably cooled the planet for years
“On the other hand, when these sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere, they stay for one year or longer, and so we have observed in past volcanic eruptions, Pinatubo in 1991, other three or four that have been in the 20th century, that they have cooled the planet…”