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Q And so, and so, and so you've played a pivotal role in a lot of that, this, especially in cell therapies early on. I think you did a lot of research on that long before this acceleration was happening. Can you tell us a little bit more about CAR T and cell therapies and what's happening there?
A Sure. I mean, the CAR T therapy stands for chimeric antigen receptor T cells. It's where we arm T cells with literally a guided missile in order to try to cure certain types of cancer. And it's actually been incredibly successful for blood cancers, not yet for the solid tumors, we can talk about that, but for blood, blood cancers. And it really began in the early 19 eighties. It actually began When my lab, when I was still in the lab, discovered how immune cells are actually turned on, and we discovered the molecular machinery, and a friend in Israel had this idea of using those discoveries to develop this therapy to attack tumors. I had no idea that we can use that information to attack tumors. We tried it in the early 19 eighties. It was the first time we made cars, and it didn't really work. And it took a few more decades to understand more about how to keep T cells activated.
AI assessment note: “CAR T therapy stands for chimeric antigen receptor T cells. It's where we arm T cells”
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Q know there's something that's going on with CAR T where, for example, you can attack tumors potentially because tumors are turning these things off. Now you can. I know there's something going on where you could make the white blood cells go back to as they were when they were younger and they're more effective. Are there other things like that you could tell us about that you're working on?
A Well, I think, I think what many of us have seen over the past couple of years, we we've asked the question, oh, it works so fantastically in blood. Cancers. Why doesn't it work in solid tumors? And over the last few years, we think we've learned why, what those barriers are. And over the last maybe one to three years, there are new ways to overcome those barriers. So I think the next big breakthrough in, in curative therapy is going to be curative therapy for any solid tumor by getting these T cells to have the properties that allow them to, to stay active Even in solid tumors, which have the ability, maybe why they exist, is because they have the ability to turn off the immune system. We can overcome it.
AI assessment note: “the next big breakthrough in, in curative therapy is going to be curative therapy for any solid tumor”
