The Ledger
Every statement that passed quotation and attribution checks. Mix any filter with any other: certainty 1/5, debate potential 5/5, or both at once.
why aren't all 25 resolved? a statement only gets an assessment when the public record can support or contradict it. opinions and what-ifs never can, and 0 checkable ones are still open, waiting for their date. predictions held up or didn't; assertions are supported or contradicted. on every card: ▮▮▮▮▮ certainty · ▮▮▮▮▮ debate potential. speakers are clickable
Gawande: Spinal surgery for pain provides no average benefit at nine months
“In, ah, back surgery, we have a bunch of studies showing that when you do back surgery for pain, spinal, spinal surgery for pain as opposed for, as opposed to for neurological symptoms where you have actual nerve damage. But when it's for pain, the average peo…”
Gawande: About 30% of All Healthcare Spending Is Waste
“Estimates are that about 30% of healthcare is waste. It's going to things that are either much higher administrative costs that add no value, or are actual treatments and tests and procedures and drugs that are of no benefit or actively harmful.”
Gawande: Up to 42% of Medicare Patients Receive Non-Beneficial Procedures Annually
“And it turned out that between 25 and 42% of Medicare patients of all Medicare patients, 25 to 42% will have one of those 26 things done to them in any given year.”
Gawande: High-volume Toronto hernia clinic outperformed trained surgeons at lower cost
“One of my very first article was about a computer that could diagnose heart attacks better than better than the most experienced doctor could, and a hernia factory in Toronto where the surgeons were, none of them were actually trained as surgeons. One was like…”
Gawande: Core operational management practices directly improve hospital patient outcomes
“We now see that there is direct correlation between the more of that you do, the better off patients are, substantially better off patients are, and better off in terms of quality.”
Gawande: Only 25% of seriously ill patients discuss quality-of-life goals
“We're at 25% Of people who have a serious life-limiting illness in the last year and have been hospitalized, only 25% have had that conversation about their goals and priorities for their quality of life with their clinician.”
Gawande: Palliative Care Conversations Extended Lung Cancer Patients' Lives by 25%
“Including a randomized trial at the Mass General Hospital with stage four lung cancer patients who all died in the course of care. And when they had conversations with a palliative care expert about their goals for their quality of life, The result was that th…”
Gawande: Breakthroughs often come from cross-domain transfer rather than genius
“If you look at what I contribute in these spaces, it's not genius ideas. A checklist for surgery. It's just taking an idea from one domain and saying, let's bring it over to the other and see if it can work.”
Gawande: Execution gaps usually stem from complexity rather than bad intentions
“Most of my value just comes from Saying and pointing out, wow, we don't live up to what we say we're going to do. It's not for, usually not for evil reasons. It's usually for really complicated reasons, and then unknotting the complexity and just taking time t…”
Gawande: Clinical excellence depends more on organizational systems than pedigree
“It's not all about Being at Harvard and going to the very best program and being the most pedigreed and the most credentialed, you had these folks who were getting remarkable results, and it was not about just their performance, it was the team and the organiz…”
Gawande: Surgical Checklists Reduced Mortality by 50% in Eight Cities
“Since we published our initial results, it's 2009, we had demonstrated in eight cities a 50% reduction in mortality. You know, I think we're past in that time, a hundred million of the world's three hundred million operations are done with the solution, and we…”
Gawande: 'Big Bang' Hospital-Wide Checklist Rollouts Have Never Succeeded
“You know, saying, everybody in our hospital is all gonna use this checklist tomorrow, and we're gonna do that in a big bang. Just, it's never worked. We've never seen it work at all. With thousands of places that are rolled out, never seen it work.”
Gawande: Medical Journals Ignore the Mortality Impact of Operational Leadership
“You don't, you can't find a single New England Journal publication. You can find, every week you'll find, here is a drug that makes a difference. Here is A specialist technique that can make a difference. But you don't have a single article demonstrating that …”
Gawande: No surveyed hospital scores top marks across all management domains
“There isn't a single hospital we have measured yet that is doing it at the highest levels that would get a, you know, five on a five point scale in all of those domains. The average hospital has got poor performance in at least one of them, and we have lots of…”
Gawande: Healthcare infections from unwashed hands kill 100,000 people annually
“You know, we have two million people a year who pick up infections, mostly because someone didn't wash their hands. It's a 100,000 lives lost a year.”
Gawande: Universally Deploying Healthcare Without Bankruptcy Is Humanity's Most Ambitious Endeavor
“I would argue this is humankind's most ambitious endeavor is to deploy all of these discoveries in the right way, in the right time, the right place without also bankrupting society.”
Gawande: High-Reliability Cultures Embrace Failure While Toxic Ones Punish It
“So the high reliability organization is a place where people are kind of obsessed with failure, are actually energized by like, I want to ferret out and find the next thing we can fix. And the and the opposite is the toxic organization where admitting failure …”
Gawande: Continuous coaching beats traditional professional training models
“The other model is mostly out of sports, and that's the coaching model. And that says, I don't care if you're Roger Federer, you will have blind spots when it comes to your own improvement, and you need a coach. And over time, I think what we've been learning …”
Gawande: Coaches Provide Objective External Observation, While Mentors Rely on Self-Reporting
“And it's an important part of what a coach does is they provide an external check on your understanding of your reality. It's different from a mentor. A mentor is A lot of coaches I hear about that people call their coach are just kind of life mentors or mento…”
Gawande: Delegating Routine Clinical Tasks Lowers Healthcare Costs and Improves Outcomes
“This has also got to be the way we improve outcomes in healthcare and lower the costs, is we start pushing down the components of things that really don't need somebody with 50 years of experience, that, that you have the team members who are Who have learned …”
Gawande: 25% of Medicare spending occurs in the final year of life
“The last year of life, we know that 25% of Medicare spending is in the last year of life, and most of that's in the last few months. So that's not 25% of all spending. Medicare is just after 65. That's about half of spending occurs after age 60. Half of all yo…”
Gawande: Clinicians Must Act as Counselors Matching Care to Patient Goals
“The role of the clinician is not just to tell you the facts of what your situation is. Here's your disease. Here are the options, A, B, and C. Here are the pros, the cons, the risks, the benefits. But the role of a clinician is also be a counselor, and that me…”
Gawande: Healthcare Has 70,000 Diagnoses, 6,000 Drugs, and 4,000 Procedures
“Now we've discovered, for example, in healthcare, we've discovered that there are more than 70,000 ways the human body can fail. 70,000 different diagnoses for our 13 organ systems. We've developed 6000 drugs, 4000 medical and surgical procedures, and now we'r…”
Gawande: NASA's reporting system shields pilots who report near misses
“NASA also has a protected space where if you submit a report on an error or on a, what they call a near miss, it didn't crash the plane, but it could have, you get a jet, get out of jail free card. So by reporting on it, you are not subject to investigation.”
Gawande: Meeting Introductions Grant Participants Psychological Permission to Speak Up
“In a meeting where people are new to the meeting, the people who haven't been able to introduce themselves are much less likely to say anything. In the course of the meeting. But if you've actually been able to hear yourself in the room and say, I'm here. This…”