Q net zero emissions, but Anna just sort of explained the nuances of what you found, and, um, that is not necessarily the case when we think about, um, you know, technologies that are working their way up from innovation to commercialization to deployment. So, what's your read on this in terms of the, like, the preparedness of many of these technologies to compete and get an edge in the market?
A The preparedness, I think, is a great question. What we find is that in the early stages of development, there is Inevitably, and rightly, a focus on individual technologies and the maturing of those technologies at, like, a bench level, if you like, or a demonstration of pilot level. However, the capabilities and the requirements to move to the next levels of scaling and to do it as quickly as possible, they move very quickly from technical insight and technical capability, particularly scientific insight and scientific capability, into things like You know, broad-based process engineering and process development. You know, capital, productivity, and construction of infrastructure. These are the things that we need to do, right? Whether it's building DAC facilities, or whether it's, you know, scaling agricultural, you know, um, new agricultural models. Pretty much all of them require some interaction with the physical world. And that, the preparedness for what it takes to scale beyond the Proof and scaling of a process or a individual, you know, chemical, physical, or biological activity. That's a great area of, I think, uncertainty and unpreparedness. Um, we don't talk about what those disciplines are, and we don't talk enough about and plan enough for what it takes to move faster with them.
AI assessment note: “That's a great area of, I think, uncertainty and unpreparedness.”