The Ledger
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Hillenmeyer: Drug-resistant bacteria will hit as a massive wave
“The problem is this growing drug resistance in bacteria, they're just swapping these drug resistance genes left and right. It's really scary, and it, it'll, it'll be a massive wave that'll hit us. We just don't quite know when, and investors don't know when th…”
Hillenmeyer: About three-quarters of historical antibiotics come from natural sources
“About three-quarters of all antibiotics over history, were found from natural sources.”
Hillenmeyer: Fungi and humans are surprisingly closely related evolutionary relatives
“Compared to bacteria. There's the tree of life. There's bacteria, viruses way over here. Fungi and humans are actually pretty closely related, surprisingly.”
Hillenmeyer: Fungi share about 6,000 genes with humans
“So humans have about 20,000 genes we know now from the Human Genome Project. Fungi have about 6000 that are the same in humans, are very similar.”
Hillenmeyer: Only 0.1% of estimated fungal species have been sequenced
“So scientists estimate there's about five million species of fungi on the planet, and only 5000 have been sequenced.”
Hillenmeyer: Big pharma paid bonuses to employees for vacation dirt samples
“People at big pharma companies in past decades would be paid little bonuses to bring back dirt from their vacations to do this kind of grind and find search.”
Hillenmeyer: Lipitor originated from fungal compounds
“That's a blockbuster hundred billion dollar cholesterol drug Lipitor originally found in a fungus because cholesterol is essential.”
Hillenmeyer: Fungi mutated their own pathways to survive producing statins
“So this fungus that evolved the statin originally had to protect itself by mutating its own cholesterol, and we can see that in the DNA sequence, so we call it a toxin-antitoxin pair.”
Hillenmeyer: 99.9% of wild fungi cannot be cultured in laboratories
“So most of these fungi won't grow well in laboratories. That's part of why only the .1% has really been worked on. The 99.9% don't really grow well in the lab.”