Jan 2, 2019 · 23m · a16z

a16z Podcast | Is It Possible to Achieve Equitable Equity for Startup Employees?

Andrew Mason · 10m spoken Ben Horowitz · 9m spoken Michael Copeland · 55s spoken
0:00 / 0:00
▶ Watch on YouTube →

gold bands on the timeline = statements, start to end. Hover to read, click to jump. CC turns on captions

In this episode of the a16z Podcast, host Michael Copeland and venture capitalist Ben Horowitz discuss Groupon founder Andrew Mason's novel 'progressive equity' framework designed to redistribute extreme startup wealth to rank-and-file employees. The conversation explores the mechanics, legal safeguards, cultural implications, and potential challenges of implementing this equitable compensation model in high-growth companies.

How this conversation actually went

Every chapter scored 0–10 on four independent dynamics. Hover any point for the reasoning behind the score. How this is scored →

The host as informed peer 5.6 Guest teaching 3.4 Guest disagreement 1.4 The host pushing back 4.4
05100:0010:0020:001:48–5:43 · The host as informed peer 2/10 The Wealth Disparity Problem in Successful Startups Ben introduces the topic and invites Andrew to explain the problem progressive equity addresses. Andrew outlines the wealth concentration issue from his Groupon experience and details the 50% redistribution threshold mechanism above a financial independence line.5:43–9:23 · The host as informed peer 6/10 Challenges of Pro-Rata Allocation and Initial Cap Tables Ben brings significant industry knowledge regarding cap table misalignments, performance correlations, and executive recruiting competition from big tech counteroffers. Andrew defends his threshold logic and humorously dismisses executives who complain about income capping.9:23–12:58 · The host as informed peer 7/10 Philanthropic Considerations and Liquidity Event Triggers Ben challenges the core premise with a strong philosophical counterargument about philanthropic efficiency versus distributed consumer spending, and asks about post-liquidity event cultural drop-offs. Andrew candidly concedes that Ben raises a valid argument against his model.12:58–15:50 · The host as informed peer 5/10 Preventing System Gaming and Unvested Forfeiture Rules Ben probes potential system gaming like tax shelters in secondary sales and questions unvested employee forfeiture rules. Andrew educates Ben on the specific legal design where value accumulates cumulatively over time regardless of share sales.15:50–23:26 · The host as informed peer 8/10 Cultural Alignment, Political Framing, and Final Remarks Ben articulates a extended breakdown of political framing risks in Silicon Valley, highlighting potential alienation of libertarian recruits and contrasting market capitalism with historical command economies. Andrew admits progressive equity was a descriptive but politically charged name.1:48–5:43 · Guest teaching 3/10 The Wealth Disparity Problem in Successful Startups Ben introduces the topic and invites Andrew to explain the problem progressive equity addresses. Andrew outlines the wealth concentration issue from his Groupon experience and details the 50% redistribution threshold mechanism above a financial independence line.5:43–9:23 · Guest teaching 2/10 Challenges of Pro-Rata Allocation and Initial Cap Tables Ben brings significant industry knowledge regarding cap table misalignments, performance correlations, and executive recruiting competition from big tech counteroffers. Andrew defends his threshold logic and humorously dismisses executives who complain about income capping.9:23–12:58 · Guest teaching 4/10 Philanthropic Considerations and Liquidity Event Triggers Ben challenges the core premise with a strong philosophical counterargument about philanthropic efficiency versus distributed consumer spending, and asks about post-liquidity event cultural drop-offs. Andrew candidly concedes that Ben raises a valid argument against his model.12:58–15:50 · Guest teaching 5/10 Preventing System Gaming and Unvested Forfeiture Rules Ben probes potential system gaming like tax shelters in secondary sales and questions unvested employee forfeiture rules. Andrew educates Ben on the specific legal design where value accumulates cumulatively over time regardless of share sales.15:50–23:26 · Guest teaching 3/10 Cultural Alignment, Political Framing, and Final Remarks Ben articulates a extended breakdown of political framing risks in Silicon Valley, highlighting potential alienation of libertarian recruits and contrasting market capitalism with historical command economies. Andrew admits progressive equity was a descriptive but politically charged name.1:48–5:43 · Guest disagreement 0/10 The Wealth Disparity Problem in Successful Startups Ben introduces the topic and invites Andrew to explain the problem progressive equity addresses. Andrew outlines the wealth concentration issue from his Groupon experience and details the 50% redistribution threshold mechanism above a financial independence line.5:43–9:23 · Guest disagreement 2/10 Challenges of Pro-Rata Allocation and Initial Cap Tables Ben brings significant industry knowledge regarding cap table misalignments, performance correlations, and executive recruiting competition from big tech counteroffers. Andrew defends his threshold logic and humorously dismisses executives who complain about income capping.9:23–12:58 · Guest disagreement 1/10 Philanthropic Considerations and Liquidity Event Triggers Ben challenges the core premise with a strong philosophical counterargument about philanthropic efficiency versus distributed consumer spending, and asks about post-liquidity event cultural drop-offs. Andrew candidly concedes that Ben raises a valid argument against his model.12:58–15:50 · Guest disagreement 2/10 Preventing System Gaming and Unvested Forfeiture Rules Ben probes potential system gaming like tax shelters in secondary sales and questions unvested employee forfeiture rules. Andrew educates Ben on the specific legal design where value accumulates cumulatively over time regardless of share sales.15:50–23:26 · Guest disagreement 2/10 Cultural Alignment, Political Framing, and Final Remarks Ben articulates a extended breakdown of political framing risks in Silicon Valley, highlighting potential alienation of libertarian recruits and contrasting market capitalism with historical command economies. Andrew admits progressive equity was a descriptive but politically charged name.1:48–5:43 · The host pushing back 1/10 The Wealth Disparity Problem in Successful Startups Ben introduces the topic and invites Andrew to explain the problem progressive equity addresses. Andrew outlines the wealth concentration issue from his Groupon experience and details the 50% redistribution threshold mechanism above a financial independence line.5:43–9:23 · The host pushing back 5/10 Challenges of Pro-Rata Allocation and Initial Cap Tables Ben brings significant industry knowledge regarding cap table misalignments, performance correlations, and executive recruiting competition from big tech counteroffers. Andrew defends his threshold logic and humorously dismisses executives who complain about income capping.9:23–12:58 · The host pushing back 6/10 Philanthropic Considerations and Liquidity Event Triggers Ben challenges the core premise with a strong philosophical counterargument about philanthropic efficiency versus distributed consumer spending, and asks about post-liquidity event cultural drop-offs. Andrew candidly concedes that Ben raises a valid argument against his model.12:58–15:50 · The host pushing back 4/10 Preventing System Gaming and Unvested Forfeiture Rules Ben probes potential system gaming like tax shelters in secondary sales and questions unvested employee forfeiture rules. Andrew educates Ben on the specific legal design where value accumulates cumulatively over time regardless of share sales.15:50–23:26 · The host pushing back 6/10 Cultural Alignment, Political Framing, and Final Remarks Ben articulates a extended breakdown of political framing risks in Silicon Valley, highlighting potential alienation of libertarian recruits and contrasting market capitalism with historical command economies. Andrew admits progressive equity was a descriptive but politically charged name.

speaking balance: gold is the host, purple is the guest (3 minute bins)

0:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%0:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%3:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%3:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%6:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%6:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%9:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%9:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%12:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%12:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%15:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%15:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%18:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%18:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%21:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%21:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%
Sharpest disagreement ▶ 8:55 Andrew dismisses complaining executives

Andrew forcefully rejects the premise that capping top executive payouts is a problem, calling recruits who complain about being taxed assholes he would not want to work with.

Hardest push from the host ▶ 19:10 Ben challenges political equity branding

Ben refuses the framing of calling company equity policies progressive, pointing out that Silicon Valley libertarians will view it as political dogma akin to living under progressive taxation.

Biggest teaching moment ▶ 14:20 Andrew clarifies secondary sale mechanics

Andrew corrects Ben's assumption that executives could dodge progressive equity taxes via early secondary sales by explaining that value is tracked cumulatively over time.

The host holds their own ▶ 9:22 Ben presents philanthropic alternative counterargument

Ben dismantles the assumption that redistributing equity to employees is inherently superior by citing billionaires who donate wealth rather than dispersing it into individual employee consumption.

the scores for every segment, with the reasoning behind each
ChapterTopicThe host as informed peerGuest teachingGuest disagreementThe host pushing backWhy
The Wealth Disparity Problem in Successful Startups 2301 Ben introduces the topic and invites Andrew to explain the problem progressive equity addresses. Andrew outlines the wealth concentration issue from his Groupon experience and details the 50% redistribution threshold mechanism above a financial independence line.
Challenges of Pro-Rata Allocation and Initial Cap Tables 6225 Ben brings significant industry knowledge regarding cap table misalignments, performance correlations, and executive recruiting competition from big tech counteroffers. Andrew defends his threshold logic and humorously dismisses executives who complain about income capping.
Philanthropic Considerations and Liquidity Event Triggers 7416 Ben challenges the core premise with a strong philosophical counterargument about philanthropic efficiency versus distributed consumer spending, and asks about post-liquidity event cultural drop-offs. Andrew candidly concedes that Ben raises a valid argument against his model.
Preventing System Gaming and Unvested Forfeiture Rules 5524 Ben probes potential system gaming like tax shelters in secondary sales and questions unvested employee forfeiture rules. Andrew educates Ben on the specific legal design where value accumulates cumulatively over time regardless of share sales.
Cultural Alignment, Political Framing, and Final Remarks 8326 Ben articulates a extended breakdown of political framing risks in Silicon Valley, highlighting potential alienation of libertarian recruits and contrasting market capitalism with historical command economies. Andrew admits progressive equity was a descriptive but politically charged name.

Statements from this episode (11)

Opinion
Horowitz calls Mason's progressive equity concept ingenious
“This is one of these things where I get, ah, kind of emails all the time about new kinds of employee incentive plans and so forth, and like how the old ways of incenting people will never work, and there's a great better way, and usually they're just chock ful…”
Ben Horowitz Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 1:16
Disclosure
Mason tried giving away his Groupon equity to compensate employees
“And this happened to us at Groupon, and it was kind of frustrating because I felt like there were all these other people there. I felt like I was, frankly, ending up with more money than I needed. Wanted or knew what to do with. And there were all these other …”
Andrew Mason Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 2:53
Insight
Mason: Progressive equity applies a progressive tax system to startup equity
“So so what progressive equity is, is a system that's basically like a progressive tax. It's an income redistribution system within the company that as the company becomes more and more valuable, it redistributes percent ownership away from the highest percent …”
Andrew Mason Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 3:27
Insight
Progressive equity taxes individual equity above thresholds at 50%
“So once you have enough equity or once your company is valuable enough that your total ownership is greater than 50 mega donks, all of your value beyond that. Has, is basically taxed at 50%. So you get half of it, and the other half goes into a pool that's red…”
Andrew Mason Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 5:17
Insight
Horowitz: Initial equity grants weakly correlate with actual performance
“It's amazing that how weak that correlation is between what people get when they're hired and how well they do, you know, once they get there and how hard they work and how much effort they put in.”
Ben Horowitz Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 6:29
Insight
Horowitz: Low equity caps undermine recruiting against tech giants
“If you set it too low, then It's going to hurt your executive recruiting because, you know, with Google offering people like a hundred million dollars to stay at Google you know, if you're offering, if you say, okay, the threshold is ten million bucks, then ar…”
Ben Horowitz Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 8:00
Insight
Mason: True financial independence means buying motorcycles like cups of coffee
“What I'm talking about is financial independence, which is the point at which you impulsively buy, or you buy a motorcycle with the same degree of carelessness that you buy a cup of coffee.”
Andrew Mason Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 8:52
Opinion
Mason: Candidates objecting to progressive equity caps are bad fits
“In terms of the downside of executive recruiting, I mean, I just think anybody that feels like, ah, you know, you're capping me out or you're taxing me. I don't know. Like that person's an asshole. I don't really want to work with them.”
Andrew Mason Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 9:03
Insight
Mason: Wealth concentration for philanthropy can beat employee redistribution
“Arguably it's better for one benevolent person to end up with all this money instead of just distributing it evenly among all the employees. Right. So that they can all buy, you know, slightly nicer cars and other, you know, materialistic things.”
Andrew Mason Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 9:59
Disclosure
Mason open-sourced his progressive equity legal documents
“One of the reasons that I published all the legal documents that we came up with was partly in hopes that someone would take them and find ways to improve upon them.”
Andrew Mason Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 11:58
Opinion
Mason: Progressive equity frameworks in startups are not anti-capitalist
“Once you talk to employees about it, they get it pretty quickly and there's nothing about it. That's anti capitalist.”
Andrew Mason Jan 2, 2019 ▶ 22:19
Made with StarZero

Turn any episode into a week of clips.

This entire site, over 1,000 episodes transcribed, diarized, checked and made playable, runs on the StarZero media pipeline. Drop in your own episode and the podcast clipper finds the moments worth sharing, cuts them, captions them, and reframes them for every feed.