May 6, 2025 · 26m · a16z

Modernizing Warfare and Beyond

Qasar Younis · 12m spoken Liz Young McNally · 9m spoken Erin Price-Wright · 2m spoken
0:00 / 0:00
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In this a16z American Dynamism panel, Defense Innovation Unit Deputy Director Liz Young McNally and Applied Intuition CEO Qasar Younis discuss accelerating commercial technology adoption within the Department of Defense. They address multi-domain autonomy, procurement reform, technical leadership, and strategic competition with China.

How this conversation actually went

Every chapter scored 0–10 on four independent dynamics. Hover any point for the reasoning behind the score. How this is scored →

The host as informed peer 1.0 Guest teaching 2.6 Guest disagreement 0.9 The host pushing back 0.0
05100:0010:0020:000:00–4:04 · The host as informed peer 1/10 Title Animation and Legal Disclaimer The panel moderator opens the discussion by asking introductory questions about DIU's mission and Applied Intuition's early history working with government procurement. Liz McNally and Qasar Younis explain their respective organizations' roles in a friendly, collaborative manner without tension.4:04–6:05 · The host as informed peer 1/10 Acquiring Episci and Multi-Domain Autonomy The moderator asks specifically about Applied Intuition's acquisition of Episci and how DIU was involved. Qasar and Liz explain the strategic importance of multi-domain autonomy and consolidation in the defense industrial base.6:05–10:45 · The host as informed peer 1/10 Bridging Silicon Valley Tech and Defense Procurement The moderator asks how DIU bridges the language gap between Silicon Valley and defense buyers. Qasar reframes the procurement discussion by pointing out how commercial consumers prioritize software abstraction over hardware, contrasting it with legacy DoD habits.10:45–16:08 · The host as informed peer 1/10 Accelerating Tech Adoption and Buyer Technical Fluency The moderator prompts on how to speed up commercial tech adoption in defense. Qasar delivers a strong stance against bureaucracy, emphasizing that technical, software-literate leaders must occupy senior procurement roles rather than relying solely on process.16:08–19:17 · The host as informed peer 1/10 Prototyping Case Study: 'Seeing is Believing' After Qasar shares a case study about an automotive CTO testing software directly, the moderator asks Liz about AI applications in IndoPACOM. Liz outlines operational decision-making and tactical swarming while the moderator facilitates passively.19:17–23:46 · The host as informed peer 1/10 Benchmarking Chinese Tech Capabilities and US STEM Strength The moderator prompts Qasar to benchmark Chinese technical capabilities against the US. Qasar provides a detailed breakdown debunking both Silicon Valley over-fawning and Western dismissiveness, advising defense leaders to witness Chinese automotive autonomy directly.23:46–26:20 · The host as informed peer 1/10 Advice and Call to Action for Dual-Use Founders The moderator asks for final advice for dual-use founders in the audience. Qasar delivers a blunt civic call to action, warning that without commercial software talent aiding national defense, the US will lose its competitive edge.0:00–4:04 · Guest teaching 2/10 Title Animation and Legal Disclaimer The panel moderator opens the discussion by asking introductory questions about DIU's mission and Applied Intuition's early history working with government procurement. Liz McNally and Qasar Younis explain their respective organizations' roles in a friendly, collaborative manner without tension.4:04–6:05 · Guest teaching 2/10 Acquiring Episci and Multi-Domain Autonomy The moderator asks specifically about Applied Intuition's acquisition of Episci and how DIU was involved. Qasar and Liz explain the strategic importance of multi-domain autonomy and consolidation in the defense industrial base.6:05–10:45 · Guest teaching 3/10 Bridging Silicon Valley Tech and Defense Procurement The moderator asks how DIU bridges the language gap between Silicon Valley and defense buyers. Qasar reframes the procurement discussion by pointing out how commercial consumers prioritize software abstraction over hardware, contrasting it with legacy DoD habits.10:45–16:08 · Guest teaching 3/10 Accelerating Tech Adoption and Buyer Technical Fluency The moderator prompts on how to speed up commercial tech adoption in defense. Qasar delivers a strong stance against bureaucracy, emphasizing that technical, software-literate leaders must occupy senior procurement roles rather than relying solely on process.16:08–19:17 · Guest teaching 2/10 Prototyping Case Study: 'Seeing is Believing' After Qasar shares a case study about an automotive CTO testing software directly, the moderator asks Liz about AI applications in IndoPACOM. Liz outlines operational decision-making and tactical swarming while the moderator facilitates passively.19:17–23:46 · Guest teaching 4/10 Benchmarking Chinese Tech Capabilities and US STEM Strength The moderator prompts Qasar to benchmark Chinese technical capabilities against the US. Qasar provides a detailed breakdown debunking both Silicon Valley over-fawning and Western dismissiveness, advising defense leaders to witness Chinese automotive autonomy directly.23:46–26:20 · Guest teaching 2/10 Advice and Call to Action for Dual-Use Founders The moderator asks for final advice for dual-use founders in the audience. Qasar delivers a blunt civic call to action, warning that without commercial software talent aiding national defense, the US will lose its competitive edge.0:00–4:04 · Guest disagreement 0/10 Title Animation and Legal Disclaimer The panel moderator opens the discussion by asking introductory questions about DIU's mission and Applied Intuition's early history working with government procurement. Liz McNally and Qasar Younis explain their respective organizations' roles in a friendly, collaborative manner without tension.4:04–6:05 · Guest disagreement 0/10 Acquiring Episci and Multi-Domain Autonomy The moderator asks specifically about Applied Intuition's acquisition of Episci and how DIU was involved. Qasar and Liz explain the strategic importance of multi-domain autonomy and consolidation in the defense industrial base.6:05–10:45 · Guest disagreement 1/10 Bridging Silicon Valley Tech and Defense Procurement The moderator asks how DIU bridges the language gap between Silicon Valley and defense buyers. Qasar reframes the procurement discussion by pointing out how commercial consumers prioritize software abstraction over hardware, contrasting it with legacy DoD habits.10:45–16:08 · Guest disagreement 2/10 Accelerating Tech Adoption and Buyer Technical Fluency The moderator prompts on how to speed up commercial tech adoption in defense. Qasar delivers a strong stance against bureaucracy, emphasizing that technical, software-literate leaders must occupy senior procurement roles rather than relying solely on process.16:08–19:17 · Guest disagreement 0/10 Prototyping Case Study: 'Seeing is Believing' After Qasar shares a case study about an automotive CTO testing software directly, the moderator asks Liz about AI applications in IndoPACOM. Liz outlines operational decision-making and tactical swarming while the moderator facilitates passively.19:17–23:46 · Guest disagreement 2/10 Benchmarking Chinese Tech Capabilities and US STEM Strength The moderator prompts Qasar to benchmark Chinese technical capabilities against the US. Qasar provides a detailed breakdown debunking both Silicon Valley over-fawning and Western dismissiveness, advising defense leaders to witness Chinese automotive autonomy directly.23:46–26:20 · Guest disagreement 1/10 Advice and Call to Action for Dual-Use Founders The moderator asks for final advice for dual-use founders in the audience. Qasar delivers a blunt civic call to action, warning that without commercial software talent aiding national defense, the US will lose its competitive edge.0:00–4:04 · The host pushing back 0/10 Title Animation and Legal Disclaimer The panel moderator opens the discussion by asking introductory questions about DIU's mission and Applied Intuition's early history working with government procurement. Liz McNally and Qasar Younis explain their respective organizations' roles in a friendly, collaborative manner without tension.4:04–6:05 · The host pushing back 0/10 Acquiring Episci and Multi-Domain Autonomy The moderator asks specifically about Applied Intuition's acquisition of Episci and how DIU was involved. Qasar and Liz explain the strategic importance of multi-domain autonomy and consolidation in the defense industrial base.6:05–10:45 · The host pushing back 0/10 Bridging Silicon Valley Tech and Defense Procurement The moderator asks how DIU bridges the language gap between Silicon Valley and defense buyers. Qasar reframes the procurement discussion by pointing out how commercial consumers prioritize software abstraction over hardware, contrasting it with legacy DoD habits.10:45–16:08 · The host pushing back 0/10 Accelerating Tech Adoption and Buyer Technical Fluency The moderator prompts on how to speed up commercial tech adoption in defense. Qasar delivers a strong stance against bureaucracy, emphasizing that technical, software-literate leaders must occupy senior procurement roles rather than relying solely on process.16:08–19:17 · The host pushing back 0/10 Prototyping Case Study: 'Seeing is Believing' After Qasar shares a case study about an automotive CTO testing software directly, the moderator asks Liz about AI applications in IndoPACOM. Liz outlines operational decision-making and tactical swarming while the moderator facilitates passively.19:17–23:46 · The host pushing back 0/10 Benchmarking Chinese Tech Capabilities and US STEM Strength The moderator prompts Qasar to benchmark Chinese technical capabilities against the US. Qasar provides a detailed breakdown debunking both Silicon Valley over-fawning and Western dismissiveness, advising defense leaders to witness Chinese automotive autonomy directly.23:46–26:20 · The host pushing back 0/10 Advice and Call to Action for Dual-Use Founders The moderator asks for final advice for dual-use founders in the audience. Qasar delivers a blunt civic call to action, warning that without commercial software talent aiding national defense, the US will lose its competitive edge.

speaking balance: gold is the host, purple is the guest (3 minute bins)

0:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%0:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%3:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%3:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%6:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%6:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%9:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%9:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%12:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%12:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%15:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%15:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%18:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%18:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%21:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%21:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%24:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%24:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%
Sharpest disagreement ▶ 13:45 Bureaucracy won't beat Beijing

Qasar forcefully rejects standard administrative processes, stating bluntly that process-bound bureaucracy cannot defeat geopolitical adversaries like Beijing without deep technical leadership.

Hardest push from the host ▶ 21:58 Moderator interrupting on China execution

The moderator actively interjects with a sharp direct follow-up 'How do they?' while Qasar is explaining how Chinese automotive companies bypass corporate slowness.

Biggest teaching moment ▶ 19:36 Benchmarking Chinese autonomy vs Western misperceptions

Qasar educates the audience and moderator on the exact level of Chinese automotive autonomous capability, correcting both over-hyped Silicon Valley claims and dismissive Western assumptions.

The host holds their own ▶ 17:00 Framing AI application across tactical and operational IndoPACOM domains

The moderator prompts with specific domain knowledge on AI deployment in IndoPACOM, prompting Liz to detail operational headquarters decision-making and tactical drone swarming.

the scores for every segment, with the reasoning behind each
ChapterTopicThe host as informed peerGuest teachingGuest disagreementThe host pushing backWhy
Title Animation and Legal Disclaimer 1200 The panel moderator opens the discussion by asking introductory questions about DIU's mission and Applied Intuition's early history working with government procurement. Liz McNally and Qasar Younis explain their respective organizations' roles in a friendly, collaborative manner without tension.
Acquiring Episci and Multi-Domain Autonomy 1200 The moderator asks specifically about Applied Intuition's acquisition of Episci and how DIU was involved. Qasar and Liz explain the strategic importance of multi-domain autonomy and consolidation in the defense industrial base.
Bridging Silicon Valley Tech and Defense Procurement 1310 The moderator asks how DIU bridges the language gap between Silicon Valley and defense buyers. Qasar reframes the procurement discussion by pointing out how commercial consumers prioritize software abstraction over hardware, contrasting it with legacy DoD habits.
Accelerating Tech Adoption and Buyer Technical Fluency 1320 The moderator prompts on how to speed up commercial tech adoption in defense. Qasar delivers a strong stance against bureaucracy, emphasizing that technical, software-literate leaders must occupy senior procurement roles rather than relying solely on process.
Prototyping Case Study: 'Seeing is Believing' 1200 After Qasar shares a case study about an automotive CTO testing software directly, the moderator asks Liz about AI applications in IndoPACOM. Liz outlines operational decision-making and tactical swarming while the moderator facilitates passively.
Benchmarking Chinese Tech Capabilities and US STEM Strength 1420 The moderator prompts Qasar to benchmark Chinese technical capabilities against the US. Qasar provides a detailed breakdown debunking both Silicon Valley over-fawning and Western dismissiveness, advising defense leaders to witness Chinese automotive autonomy directly.
Advice and Call to Action for Dual-Use Founders 1210 The moderator asks for final advice for dual-use founders in the audience. Qasar delivers a blunt civic call to action, warning that without commercial software talent aiding national defense, the US will lose its competitive edge.

Statements from this episode (12)

Disclosure
Younis: Commercial technology development subsidizes Applied Intuition's defense business
“What we're fundamentally doing applied is we build this technology on the commercial side, and it's essentially subsidizes the work we do on the defense side”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 3:11
Assertion Not checkable as stated
Younis: Chinese tech companies are forced into dual-use military integration
“If you're a Chinese company, you don't get the choice if we're dual use or not.”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 3:39
Assertion Partly supported
McNally: 40% of DIU Contract Winners Are First-Time DoD Vendors
“40% of the companies that, that win our solutions every year are first time to DoD, right?”
Liz Young McNally May 6, 2025 ▶ 8:19
Assertion Partly supported
McNally: Secretary Hegseth mandated commercial procurement models for all DoD software
“Secretary Hegseth just, ah, you know, in the last few weeks authored a memo saying that we're going to use that approach for all software acquisition.”
Liz Young McNally May 6, 2025 ▶ 8:27
Assertion Not checkable as stated
McNally: DoD operates on two-year cycles while technology moves in days
“The department works on two-year cycles, right? Technology works on the cycles of days, weeks, you know, maybe months, but probably more, more days and weeks, and how do we bridge that gap?”
Liz Young McNally May 6, 2025 ▶ 11:12
Insight
Younis: Senior software leadership accelerates technology procurement speed
“Inside applied, we have this saying, which is like the more senior the software people in an organization, the faster that acquisition happens because then they're not actually kind of delegating that work.”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 13:07
Prediction Not checkable as stated
Younis: Future warfare will be software-defined, not driven by hardware
“I think it's not controversial to say that the conflicts of the future are going to be software defined. They're, it's not going to be very traditional conflicts where you have You know aircraft carriers lining up or you have tank columns”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 13:43
Assertion Partly supported
Younis: Software engineers hold senior defense decision-making roles in China
“In China, this is, you know, this is the reality. Engineers software engineers are very senior within the party and within the defense apparatus, and they are making these decisions”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 15:00
Disclosure
Younis: Auto CTO bypassed procurement by shipping vehicles directly to Applied Intuition
“So in this company's position, the CTO says, hey, I'm just gonna send you two vehicles To your office, and then you're gonna, you know, put your OS on there, and you're gonna put your autonomy on there, and then I'm gonna be there in a month, and I'm gonna see…”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 16:29
Assertion Supported
Younis: Chinese auto dealerships offer assisted parking capabilities nonexistent in the West
“You can go to the dealership and try, you know, assisted, assisted parking in a way that does not exist anywhere in the West.”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 21:19
Assertion Not checkable as stated
Younis: Silicon Valley controversy over defense tech work has vanished
“I think, let's say, 10 years ago, there was more controversy on should you do defense or not. I think that's all basically gone in Silicon Valley”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 25:13
Prediction Not checkable as stated
Younis: US is doomed if commercial software firms refuse DOD support
“If small and large commercial software companies don't support our government, and specifically the Department of Defense, we're screwed.”
Qasar Younis May 6, 2025 ▶ 25:17
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