Jun 14, 2019 · 21m · a16z

How to Get the Most from Your Board

Scott Kupor · 14m spoken Frank Chen · 5m spoken
0:00 / 0:00
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In this installment of Andreessen Horowitz's 'Demystifying Silicon Valley' series, Frank Chen and Scott Kupor explore how founders can maximize the value of their board members and manage long-term investor relationships. They deliver actionable guidance on maintaining transparency, aligning incentives across funding rounds, and navigating major milestones like down rounds, acquisitions, and IPOs.

How this conversation actually went

Every chapter scored 0–10 on four independent dynamics. Hover any point for the reasoning behind the score. How this is scored →

The host as informed peer 3.7 Guest teaching 3.0 Guest disagreement 0.5 The host pushing back 1.7
05100:0010:0020:000:00–2:15 · The host as informed peer 3/10 Title Graphic and Important Disclosures Host Frank Chen introduces the session and framing on venture investor board dynamics, citing key stats. Guest Scott Cooper outlines basic board functions and strategic growth assistance in a highly collaborative manner.2:15–8:10 · The host as informed peer 5/10 Managing Board Transparency, Trust, and Power Dynamics Frank probes the inherent tension between a CEO seeking advice and fear of being fired, as well as divergent investor economic interests. Scott clarifies modern voting power realities and how waterfall analyses dictate behavior near liquidation preferences.8:10–12:04 · The host as informed peer 4/10 Scenario 1: Down Rounds, Recaps, and Winding Down Frank frames a scenario around down rounds and wind-downs, astutely noting high VC portfolio failure rates. Scott explains how recapitalizations work and why option pools must be reset to align incentives.12:04–16:33 · The host as informed peer 4/10 Scenario 2: Navigating Acquisitions and Management Carve-Outs Frank asks detailed questions about M&A dynamics, cash versus stock consideration, and management carve-out pools. Scott walks through pre-transaction waterfall adjustments and post-transaction retention incentives.16:33–19:21 · The host as informed peer 4/10 Scenario 3: Preparing for an IPO and Shifting Board Roles Frank raises potential conflicts of interest when selecting investment bankers for an IPO. Scott gently pushes back against claims of nefarious bank behavior, framing IPO pricing as more art than science while clarifying the post-IPO shift in board duties.19:21–21:08 · The host as informed peer 2/10 Key Takeaway: Alignment and the Investor-Founder Partnership Frank asks for the ultimate takeaway from Scott's book before closing the episode. Scott emphasizes aligning incentives and treating investor partnerships like long-term marriages.0:00–2:15 · Guest teaching 2/10 Title Graphic and Important Disclosures Host Frank Chen introduces the session and framing on venture investor board dynamics, citing key stats. Guest Scott Cooper outlines basic board functions and strategic growth assistance in a highly collaborative manner.2:15–8:10 · Guest teaching 4/10 Managing Board Transparency, Trust, and Power Dynamics Frank probes the inherent tension between a CEO seeking advice and fear of being fired, as well as divergent investor economic interests. Scott clarifies modern voting power realities and how waterfall analyses dictate behavior near liquidation preferences.8:10–12:04 · Guest teaching 3/10 Scenario 1: Down Rounds, Recaps, and Winding Down Frank frames a scenario around down rounds and wind-downs, astutely noting high VC portfolio failure rates. Scott explains how recapitalizations work and why option pools must be reset to align incentives.12:04–16:33 · Guest teaching 3/10 Scenario 2: Navigating Acquisitions and Management Carve-Outs Frank asks detailed questions about M&A dynamics, cash versus stock consideration, and management carve-out pools. Scott walks through pre-transaction waterfall adjustments and post-transaction retention incentives.16:33–19:21 · Guest teaching 4/10 Scenario 3: Preparing for an IPO and Shifting Board Roles Frank raises potential conflicts of interest when selecting investment bankers for an IPO. Scott gently pushes back against claims of nefarious bank behavior, framing IPO pricing as more art than science while clarifying the post-IPO shift in board duties.19:21–21:08 · Guest teaching 2/10 Key Takeaway: Alignment and the Investor-Founder Partnership Frank asks for the ultimate takeaway from Scott's book before closing the episode. Scott emphasizes aligning incentives and treating investor partnerships like long-term marriages.0:00–2:15 · Guest disagreement 0/10 Title Graphic and Important Disclosures Host Frank Chen introduces the session and framing on venture investor board dynamics, citing key stats. Guest Scott Cooper outlines basic board functions and strategic growth assistance in a highly collaborative manner.2:15–8:10 · Guest disagreement 1/10 Managing Board Transparency, Trust, and Power Dynamics Frank probes the inherent tension between a CEO seeking advice and fear of being fired, as well as divergent investor economic interests. Scott clarifies modern voting power realities and how waterfall analyses dictate behavior near liquidation preferences.8:10–12:04 · Guest disagreement 0/10 Scenario 1: Down Rounds, Recaps, and Winding Down Frank frames a scenario around down rounds and wind-downs, astutely noting high VC portfolio failure rates. Scott explains how recapitalizations work and why option pools must be reset to align incentives.12:04–16:33 · Guest disagreement 0/10 Scenario 2: Navigating Acquisitions and Management Carve-Outs Frank asks detailed questions about M&A dynamics, cash versus stock consideration, and management carve-out pools. Scott walks through pre-transaction waterfall adjustments and post-transaction retention incentives.16:33–19:21 · Guest disagreement 2/10 Scenario 3: Preparing for an IPO and Shifting Board Roles Frank raises potential conflicts of interest when selecting investment bankers for an IPO. Scott gently pushes back against claims of nefarious bank behavior, framing IPO pricing as more art than science while clarifying the post-IPO shift in board duties.19:21–21:08 · Guest disagreement 0/10 Key Takeaway: Alignment and the Investor-Founder Partnership Frank asks for the ultimate takeaway from Scott's book before closing the episode. Scott emphasizes aligning incentives and treating investor partnerships like long-term marriages.0:00–2:15 · The host pushing back 0/10 Title Graphic and Important Disclosures Host Frank Chen introduces the session and framing on venture investor board dynamics, citing key stats. Guest Scott Cooper outlines basic board functions and strategic growth assistance in a highly collaborative manner.2:15–8:10 · The host pushing back 4/10 Managing Board Transparency, Trust, and Power Dynamics Frank probes the inherent tension between a CEO seeking advice and fear of being fired, as well as divergent investor economic interests. Scott clarifies modern voting power realities and how waterfall analyses dictate behavior near liquidation preferences.8:10–12:04 · The host pushing back 1/10 Scenario 1: Down Rounds, Recaps, and Winding Down Frank frames a scenario around down rounds and wind-downs, astutely noting high VC portfolio failure rates. Scott explains how recapitalizations work and why option pools must be reset to align incentives.12:04–16:33 · The host pushing back 2/10 Scenario 2: Navigating Acquisitions and Management Carve-Outs Frank asks detailed questions about M&A dynamics, cash versus stock consideration, and management carve-out pools. Scott walks through pre-transaction waterfall adjustments and post-transaction retention incentives.16:33–19:21 · The host pushing back 3/10 Scenario 3: Preparing for an IPO and Shifting Board Roles Frank raises potential conflicts of interest when selecting investment bankers for an IPO. Scott gently pushes back against claims of nefarious bank behavior, framing IPO pricing as more art than science while clarifying the post-IPO shift in board duties.19:21–21:08 · The host pushing back 0/10 Key Takeaway: Alignment and the Investor-Founder Partnership Frank asks for the ultimate takeaway from Scott's book before closing the episode. Scott emphasizes aligning incentives and treating investor partnerships like long-term marriages.

speaking balance: gold is the host, purple is the guest (3 minute bins)

0:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%0:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%3:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%3:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%6:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%6:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%9:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%9:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%12:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%12:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%15:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%15:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%18:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%18:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%21:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%21:00 · the host 0% · guest 100%
Sharpest disagreement ▶ 18:25 Defending investment banker motives

Scott pushes back against the common narrative that investment bankers act nefariously by favoring institutional investors over founders during IPO pricing, offering a nuanced counter-perspective.

Hardest push from the host ▶ 6:05 Challenging board fiduciary duty assumptions

Frank refuses to accept the theoretical claim that fiduciary 'duty of care' prevents bad behavior, pressing Scott on realistic scenarios where VCs act in self-serving ways.

Biggest teaching moment ▶ 2:42 Reframing CEO firing dynamics and board control

Scott educates Frank on how modern venture deals have shifted control away from VCs toward founders and common shareholders, meaning VCs can rarely unilaterally fire a CEO.

The host holds their own ▶ 11:15 Demonstrating insider knowledge of VC portfolio math

Frank shows sharp domain expertise by pointing out that half of a VC's portfolio is expected to fail anyway, reframing the emotional burden of founder failure using industry reality.

the scores for every segment, with the reasoning behind each
ChapterTopicThe host as informed peerGuest teachingGuest disagreementThe host pushing backWhy
Title Graphic and Important Disclosures 3200 Host Frank Chen introduces the session and framing on venture investor board dynamics, citing key stats. Guest Scott Cooper outlines basic board functions and strategic growth assistance in a highly collaborative manner.
Managing Board Transparency, Trust, and Power Dynamics 5414 Frank probes the inherent tension between a CEO seeking advice and fear of being fired, as well as divergent investor economic interests. Scott clarifies modern voting power realities and how waterfall analyses dictate behavior near liquidation preferences.
Scenario 1: Down Rounds, Recaps, and Winding Down 4301 Frank frames a scenario around down rounds and wind-downs, astutely noting high VC portfolio failure rates. Scott explains how recapitalizations work and why option pools must be reset to align incentives.
Scenario 2: Navigating Acquisitions and Management Carve-Outs 4302 Frank asks detailed questions about M&A dynamics, cash versus stock consideration, and management carve-out pools. Scott walks through pre-transaction waterfall adjustments and post-transaction retention incentives.
Scenario 3: Preparing for an IPO and Shifting Board Roles 4423 Frank raises potential conflicts of interest when selecting investment bankers for an IPO. Scott gently pushes back against claims of nefarious bank behavior, framing IPO pricing as more art than science while clarifying the post-IPO shift in board duties.
Key Takeaway: Alignment and the Investor-Founder Partnership 2200 Frank asks for the ultimate takeaway from Scott's book before closing the episode. Scott emphasizes aligning incentives and treating investor partnerships like long-term marriages.

Statements from this episode (10)

Assertion Partly supported
Frank Chen: Average founder-investor relationship lasts 8 to 12 years
“As Scott will point out, the average length of time that you will work with a venture investor, eight, 10, 12 years, is longer than the average marriage.”
Frank Chen Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 0:28
Assertion Not checkable as stated
Scott Cooper: Startup boards are increasingly controlled by CEOs, not VCs
“Often the boards are not controlled by the venture capitalists, but controlled by the CEO and, you know, kind of, you know, other common shareholders, in which case the board really can't, you know, the venture capitalists can't unilaterally do anything. They …”
Scott Kupor Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 2:54
Insight
Cooper: Changing sales rep quotas is key to shifting sales behavior
“If you want to change the way you sell your product, the best thing to do is change the quota structure for your sales reps.”
Scott Kupor Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 7:44
Insight
Cooper: Understanding VC incentives enables productive founder-investor dialogue
“Venture capitalists are people too, and so they respond to the incentive structure they have, and the more you understand that, the more I think you can finally cut through and actually have a rational dialogue.”
Scott Kupor Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 8:00
Insight
Cooper: Recapitalizations must re-incentivize employees with underwater stock options
“So there's no sense in any of us putting more money in the company if it turns out all of your stock options are underwater and you've got no financial incentive, and then tomorrow everybody's going to walk away from the business, right? So this requires kind …”
Scott Kupor Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 10:48
Assertion Not checkable as stated
Chen: VCs expect half of portfolio companies to fail
“Realizing that like half your portfolio is going to go belly up anyway.”
Frank Chen Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 11:18
Insight
Cooper: CEOs build reputations by prioritizing employee outcomes during acquisitions
“And we like to talk about the price because, of course, it's a lot more fun and sexy to talk about money, but it's, I think, you know, managers and CEOs make their reputations, quite frankly, in these types of situations where, you know, they are thinking firs…”
Scott Kupor Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 13:40
Disclosure
Cooper: Andreessen Horowitz frequently uses management carve-outs in acquisition deals
“And that's a perfectly fair and a reasonable thing to do. You know, we do it, you know, in many cases in that scenario.”
Scott Kupor Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 15:43
Insight
Cooper: Investment banks face IPO conflicts balancing issuers and institutional buyers
“Where the conflicts potentially come up is, you know, they've got kind of two clients, right, which is you're their client for this transaction, but, you know, a firm like Fidelity or T. Rowe Price or BlackRock, who is a, The institutional investor who buys sh…”
Scott Kupor Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 17:23
Insight
Cooper: Public company boards shift from growth guidance to governance compliance
“Yeah, the board really starts to shift as you go public from being kind of, you know, more active and probably more, you know, in some cases more valuable in the business to more of, quite frankly, a governance and a legal board in that sense, right, which is …”
Scott Kupor Jun 14, 2019 ▶ 18:54
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